Disclosed are novel analogs of cytisine, a process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in the prevention of or treatment of CNS disorders including addictive disorders.

Provided is a method for producing an alkaline earth metal formate, the method including a first step of reacting hydrogen and carbon dioxide with a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate of an alkaline earth metal using a homogeneous catalyst in the presence of a solvent in a two-phase system in which an organic phase and an aqueous phase are present in a separated state in the solvent to produce an alkaline earth metal formate.

Process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene:sulfuric acid/ligand ratio.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a deuterated ethanol from ethanol, D.sub.2O, a ruthenium catalyst, and a co-solvent.

A process for Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation of diisobutene in an acetic acid solvent in the presence of a ligand having the following structure: ##STR00001##
In contrast to reaction solvents such as formic acid or 3,5,5 hexanoic acid the conversion rates were improved and greater than 90% at a reaction temperature of 120 C. and CO pressure of 40 bar.

A compound by the name 1,1,1-tris(di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphino-methyl)ethane. The compound can be represented by the structure of formula (I):

##STR00001##

The compound is useful as a ligand for ruthenium to form an organometallic complex. The complex is an active catalyst for the hydrogenolysis of amides to form amines and optionally alcohols.

A homogeneous catalytic reaction method and a catalyst for isomerization and hydroformylation of long-chain internal olefins are disclosed. A rhodium-ruthenium metal complex is used as a catalyst; and the ligands are tetradentate phosphine ligands. By means of the catalytic system, homogeneous internal olefin isomerization aid hydroformylation can be performed under a certain temperature and pressure to obtain aldehyde products having high normal to iso ratios. The present invention is applicable to not only long-chain internal olefins (C8) but also internal olefins having a carbon number less than 8.

The invention provides a method for producing radiolabeled tyrosine derivatives with good purity and stability, by a safe method suitable for industrial production of pharmaceuticals. The invention relates to a method for producing Compound (5) and Radiolabeled Compound (6) as follows:

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as defined in the description.

The present invention relates to a method for the reductive amination of a carbonyl compound, comprising one or more carbonyl groups amenable to reductive amination, forming the corresponding primary amine, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a homogeneously dissolved catalyst complex K, comprising at least one metal atom from Group 8, 9 or 10 of the periodic table, bearing a bidentate phosphane ligand, a carbonyl ligand, a neutral ligand and a hydride ligand, and also an acid as co-catalyst.

The present invention relates to an oligomerization catalyst a transition metal or transition metal precursor, a halogen-substituted organic ligand, and a heteroatom ligand, and to a method for selectively preparing 1-hexene or 1-octene from ethylene using the catalyst.