The present invention relates to an improved process for producing iron oxide red pigments by the Penniman process using nitrate (also referred to as nitrate process or direct red process) and apparatuses for carrying out the process.

In a method of hydroprocessing, hydrogen gas for the hydroprocessing reaction is combined with a liquid feed composition comprising a feedstock to be treated and a diluent to form a feed stream, at least a portion of the hydrogen gas being dissolved in the liquid feed composition of the feed stream, with non-dissolved hydrogen gas being present in the feed stream in an amount of from 1 to 70 SCF/bbl of the liquid feed composition. The feed stream is contacted with a hydroprocessing catalyst, within a reactor while maintaining a liquid mass flux within the reactor of at least 5000 lb/hr.Math.ft.sup.2 to form a hydroprocessed product.

A particle disengagements device comprising a baffle plate, wherein the baffle plate comprises one or more guide baffles and one or more separation baffles, wherein the one or more guide baffles and the one or more separation baffles define one or more air flow paths and one or more solid flow paths and associated systems and methods.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C.sub.2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C.sub.2+ compounds.

The hydroprocessing reactor internals (HRI) have reduced height compared to standard HRI designs. The HRI height reduction is achieved by a more open design of a rough liquid distribution tray so that the required spaces above and below the tray for vapor flow are reduced. The hydroprocessing reactor quench zone internals comprise a collection tray, a rough liquid distribution tray, and a vapor-liquid distribution tray. Fluid mixing occurs above both the collection tray and the rough liquid distribution tray.

A particle disengagements device comprising a baffle plate, wherein the baffle plate comprises one or more guide baffles and one or more separation baffles, wherein the one or more guide baffles and the one or more separation baffles define one or more air flow paths and one or more solid flow paths and associated systems and methods.

A process includes a.) supplying a biomass feedstock, a fluidizing gas having hydrogen, and a catalyst recirculation stream having deoxygenating catalyst to a mixing zone of a fluidized bed reactor; b.) allowing the biomass feedstock, the fluidizing gas and the deoxygenating catalyst to move upwards through the fluidized bed reactor from the mixing zone to a bulk reactor zone; c.) allowing the biomass feedstock to contact the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to produce a hydropyrolysis reactor output including at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; and d.) withdrawing at least a portion of the deoxygenating catalyst from the bulk reactor zone to form the catalyst recirculation stream that is supplied to the mixing zone in step a).

Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor.

An apparatus for use in radial flow reactors is presented. The apparatus includes a first partition and a second partition with supports coupled therebetween. The first partition includes a first opening and a second opening to allow the passage of fluid therethrough. A baffle extends into a flow channel formed by adjacent support members to completely obstruct the first opening to interrupt a portion of the fluid flow therethrough. The baffle extends upwardly from one of the supports.

According to one or more embodiments, a fluid catalytic reactor may include a riser, a lower reactor portion, a transition portion, and a flow director. The riser may include a cross-sectional area, and the lower reactor portion may include a cross-sectional area. The transition portion may attach the riser to the lower reactor portion. The cross-sectional area of the riser may be less than the cross-sectional area of the lower reactor portion such that the transition portion is tapered inward from the lower reactor portion to the riser. The flow director may be positioned at least within an interior region of the transition portion. The flow director may include a body which affects the velocity profile of fluids moving from the lower reactor portion to the riser.