The photoreactor comprises at least one housing (11) for at least one reaction vessel and at least one light source for lighting said at least one reaction vessel, and the photoreactor comprises: a first module (1) provided with said at least one housing (11) for at least one reaction vessel and comprising a cooling/heating circuit (15) for regulating the temperature of said at least one reaction vessel; a second module (2) provided with said at least one light source; and a thermal insulating layer (5) placed between the first module (1) and the second module (2).

It improves reproducibility of the reactions by temperature and light intensity control.

Reactor for production of silicon, comprising a reactor volume, distinctive in that the reactor comprises or is operatively arranged to at least one means for setting a silicon-containing reaction gas for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) into rotation inside the reactor volume. Method for production of silicon.

A column for performing thermal separation processes and/or chemical reactions has a vertical outer wall that forms a chamber and a vertical partition subdividing the chamber into two compartments. The partition being formed by flat plates each being made of or covered by heat-insulating material.

An apparatus for the destruction of a precursor material includes a steam plasma reactor having a high temperature zone and a combustion zone. The high temperature zone is adapted for hydrolyzing the precursor material, whereas the combustion zone is adapted to effect medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream where combustion oxygen or air is injected. A quenching unit is provided at an exit end of the reactor for quenching a resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products.

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

A reaction device is provided with a first wall that defines an interior in which a stirring mechanism is located. A heat exchanger is at least partly provided on the first outer wall surface facing away from the interior and/or on the stirring mechanism, wherein the heat exchanger has a grate structure, and at least two layers are provided which have a grate structure. Thus, it is possible to transfer heat in a precise and efficient manner primarily by means of thermal radiation in endothermic processes at different temperature levels, in particular pyrolysis, gassing, and reforming processes, and thereby use the exhaust heat for other processes.

A two-step thermochemical reactor and method are disclosed. The reactor includes a housing and a reactor cavity formed within, and surrounded by, thermal insulation within the housing. The reactor cavity includes at least one unit cell, each cell having an electric heat source and a reactive material. The reactor also includes a feedstock inlet and a product outlet in fluid communication with the reactor cavity. The reactor also includes a reducing configuration, with the inlet being closed and the electric heat source of each unit cell being driven to thermally reduce the reactive material at a first temperature, releasing oxygen into the cavity. The reactor also has a splitting configuration where the reactive material is at a second temperature that is lower than the first, the feedstock inlet open and introducing feedstock gas into the cavity to reoxidize the reactive material and split into a product gas.

A reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, including: a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of a feed gas including hydrocarbons, the structured catalyst including a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, the macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein the ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; a pressure shell housing the structured catalyst; heat insulation layer between the structured catalyst and the pressure shell; at least two conductors electrically connected to the macroscopic structure and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 500 C. by passing an electrical current through the macroscopic structure. Also, a process for steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons.

A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units.

A thermal process system includes a retort assembly that includes a retort chamber, a heating assembly configured to heat the retort chamber, a vessel housing, a process gas inlet, and a sealing gas inlet. The retort assembly is configured to substantially contain one or more process gases in the retort chamber during a thermal process. The vessel housing is positioned around the retort chamber and configured to maintain a pressure or vacuum within the retort chamber. The process gas inlet is configured to receive the one or more process gases into the retort assembly. The sealing gas inlet is configured to receive a sealing gas into the vessel housing. The thermal process system may further include a leak gas detector configured to detect a presence of a leak gas, in which the leak gas includes a gas that is not the one or more process gases in the retort chamber.