The invention relates to packed contact devices used in heat/mass exchange column apparatuses in which the processes of rectification, distillation, absorption, and extraction are run, and can be applied in the oil refining, petrochemical, chemical, gas-processing, and food-manufacturing industries. A contact device for carrying out heat/mass exchange and separation of phases in sectional cross-flow packed columns in gas/liquid and liquid/liquid systems comprises a plurality of identical contact elements assembled one upon another in one or more rows in blocks held together by spokes and vertical posts, with formation of walls in the column body that are restricted on horizontal end faces by horizontal segmental baffles conjugated in an arc with the column body; thereat, arranged between the walls are liquid distributors having a perforated part, an additional baffle, deflector plates, and vertical support plates. The space between the lower and upper walls is sealed by means of battens.

We provide systems for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion that comprise a modular reactor comprising a plurality of mixer modules. The mixer modules may be arranged in series. One or more feed modules are disposed between the mixer modules. Such systems may be used for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation reactions. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion are also disclosed.

An ethylene oligomerization system is useful for creating 1-butene from ethylene in the presence of an ethylene oligomerization catalyst. The ethylene oligomerization system includes an internal baffle single pass reactor, a separation system and an external motion driver. The external motion driver is operable to induce unsteadiness in the flow of the process fluid contained in the internal baffle single pass reactor by transferring motion into the process fluid. An ethylene oligomerization process is useful for creating a refined 1-butene product from ethylene using the ethylene oligomerization system.

The present invention relates to a reactor and to a process for synthesis of hydrogen sulphide from elemental sulphur and hydrogen at elevated pressure and elevated temperature. The invention further relates to the use of the reactor for preparation of hydrogen sulphide in high yield and with a low H.sub.2S.sub.x content.

A continuous mixing reactor has an outer shell having a cylindrical portion with a central section and two opposite conical end sections; a circulation tube within the shell so that an annular passage forms between the shell and the circulation tube; an impeller within and positioned adjacent to one end of the circulation tube; and heat exchange means penetrating the outer shell and extending into the end of the circulation tube opposite the impeller. The outer shell has a hydraulic head forming one end of the shell, a heat exchange medium header at the opposite end of the shell. The circulation tube nearer the heat exchange medium header terminates at or downstream from a tangential plane extending through the shell at the intersection of the central section and the conical end section of the cylindrical portion of shell. The reactor is useful in an alkylation process.

The present invention relates to a reactor and to a process for synthesis of hydrogen sulphide from elemental sulphur and hydrogen at elevated pressure and elevated temperature. The invention further relates to the use of the reactor for preparation of hydrogen sulphide in high yield and with a low H.sub.2S.sub.x content.

A process for synthesis of urea and a related reaction section of a urea plant, where: ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted in a liquid phase in a first reaction zone (S1) and heat (Q1) is withdrawn from said first reaction zone to promote the formation of ammonium carbamate, the liquid product (103) from said first reaction zone is then passed to a second reaction zone (S2) distinguished from said first reaction zone, and heat (Q2) is added to said second reaction zone to promote the decomposition of ammonium carbamate into urea and water, where the liquid phase in at least one of said first reaction zone and second reaction zone is kept in a stirred condition. A downflow reactor for carrying out the above process is also disclosed.

A reactor and its internals used for the thermal processing of a liquid mixture. The reactor comprises plates and at least part of the surface of said plates is used to perform the thermal processing. The reactor and its internals are used for the thermal processing of various liquid mixtures containing organic compounds. The processes, for thermal processing the mixture comprising organic compounds, comprising the steps of feeding the reactor and its internals and being useful for treating wastes oils and/or for destroying hazardous and/or toxic products; and/or for reusing waste products in an environmentally acceptable form and/or way, and/or for cleaning contaminated soils or beaches, and/or cleaning tar pits, and/or use in coal-oil co-processing, and/or recovering oil from oil spills, and/or PCB free transformed oils. A process for fabricating the reactor and its internals is also proposed.

An ethylene oligomerization system is useful for creating 1-butene from ethylene in the presence of an ethylene oligomerization catalyst. The ethylene oligomerization system includes an internal baffle single pass reactor, a separation system and an exterior motion driver. The exterior motion driver is operable to induce unsteadiness in the flow of the process fluid contained in the internal baffle single pass reactor by transferring motion into the process fluid. An ethylene oligomerization process is useful for creating a refined 1-butene product from ethylene using the ethylene oligomerization system.

A continuous mixing reactor has an outer shell having a cylindrical portion with a central section and two opposite conical end sections; a circulation tube within the shell so that an annular passage forms between the shell and the circulation tube; an impeller within and positioned adjacent to one end of the circulation tube; and heat exchange means penetrating the outer shell and extending into the end of the circulation tube opposite the impeller. The outer shell has a hydraulic head forming one end of the shell, a heat exchange medium header at the opposite end of the shell. The circulation tube nearer the heat exchange medium header terminates at or downstream from a tangential plane extending through the shell at the intersection of the central section and the conical end section of the cylindrical portion of shell. The reactor is useful in an alkylation process.