A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.

The invention includes a systems and methods for producing a gaseous outflow stream comprising chemical products and thermal energy, where the method includes providing a first reactant stream comprising CO2 and a second reactant stream comprising a hydrocarbon reactant, providing a plasma reactor equipped with a source of microwave energy for forming a non-thermal plasma; mixing the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream to form a feedgas mixture; directing the feedgas mixture to encounter microwave energy in the plasma reactor, wherein the microwave energy energizes the feedgas mixture to form the non-thermal plasma, thereby producing thermal energy and transforming the feedgas mixture in the non-thermal plasma into a product mixture comprising the chemical products; and directing the product mixture and the thermal energy to exit the plasma reactor, thereby forming the gaseous outflow stream comprising the chemical products and the thermal energy.

A nitrous acid generator includes a treatment vessel having an inner space being capable of holding a liquid; a gas supplier supplying a gas to the inner space such that the gas forms a bubble in the liquid, the gas containing oxygen and nitrogen; a plasma generator including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power supply for applying a voltage therebetween, the plasma generator generating plasma in the bubble, the plasma producing nitrogen oxide including nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide; a gas-liquid contact member to which the nitrogen oxide and the liquid are introduced from the treatment vessel, the gas-liquid contact member causing the nitrogen oxide to be dissolved in the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member; and a cooler cooling the nitrogen oxide and the liquid while the nitrogen oxide and the liquid pass through the gas-liquid contact member.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems to produce ammonia from nitrogen and water. In an embodiment, a method of producing ammonia involves contacting nitrogen, water, and at least one superparamagnetic catalyst to form a mixture, and exposing the mixture to a fluctuating magnetic field. In some embodiments, the superparamagnetic catalyst is BVO.sub.2FeO.sub.2.

The present invention relates to a halogenated polysilane as a pure compound or a mixture of compounds each having at least one direct SiSi bond, whose substituents consist exclusively of halogen or of halogen and hydrogen and in the composition of which the atomic ratio of substituent to silicon is at least 1:1.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing nanoparticles by using laser and more particularly, a method for preparing nanoparticles by irradiating a laser beam to the mixture of a source material gas and a hexafluoride (SF.sub.6) catalyst gas, thereby improving the production yield of nanoparticles with energy saved. More particularly, the present invention provides the method for preparing the nanoparticles by using the laser wherein the laser beam of wavelength having the excellent energy absorption by the mixture gas of source material gas and catalyst gas is irradiated to the mixture gas so as to increase the reactivity of the source material gas with energy saved, which brings the effects of solving the problems of damaging environment due to the unreacted toxic source material gas incurred by the low production yield of the conventional nanoparticle preparation method and of making system complicated with the high cost when the discarded source gas is recovered and reused.

A plasma reactor comprises a housing, a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet, a first electric field generator, and an effluent outlet. The housing includes an axial aligned passageway and an internal reactor chamber coupled with the passageway. The first fluid inlet receives and delivers a first fluid to the reactor chamber. The second fluid inlet receives and delivers a second fluid to the reactor chamber. The first electric field generator is positioned in the reactor chamber and includes a first electrode and a spaced apart second electrode. The first electric field generator generates a first electric field, wherein the first fluid passes through the first electric field creating a plasma which is injected into the second fluid while the second fluid is flowing through the passageway to create an effluent. The effluent outlet receives the effluent from the reactor chamber and delivers it to a destination.

Systems and methods configured to produce electrical discharges in compositions, such as those, for example, configured to produce electrical discharges in compositions that comprise mixtures of materials, such as a mixture of a material having a high dielectric constant and a material having a low dielectric constant (e.g., a composition of a liquid having a high dielectric constant and a liquid having a low dielectric constant, a composition of a solid having a high dielectric constant and a liquid having a low dielectric constant, and similar compositions), and further systems and methods configured to produce materials, such as through material modification and/or material synthesis, in part, resulting from producing electrical discharges in compositions.

Disclosed is a system and method related to removal of carbon from carbon dioxide via the use of plasma arc heating techniques. The method involves generating C atoms and H atoms from C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves generating graphite and H.sub.2 from the C atoms and H atoms, and extracting the graphite. The method involves quenching the H.sub.2 with C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving, at a generator, the quenched the H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y and generating electricity. The method involves generating a concentrated stream of H.sub.2 from the quenched H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving CO.sub.2 and the concentrated stream of H.sub.2 and generating C, O, and H atoms. The method involves receiving the C, O, and H atoms and generating graphite, wherein the graphite is extracted. In the hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.y: x is an integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , and y=2x+2.

A nitric oxide generator generates nitric oxide from a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen such as air treated by a pulsating electrical discharge. The desired concentration of nitric oxide is obtained by controlling at least one of a frequency of the pulsating electrical discharge and duration of each electrical discharge pulse.