Inside a furnace body with a vacuum environment or under the inert gas protection, the raw silicon material used to produce silicon carbide is melted or vaporized in a high temperature environment over 1300 C., and then the melted or vaporized raw silicon material will react with the carbonaceous gas or liquid to form silicon carbide. The present invention uses the carbonaceous gas with no metallic impurities, to replace petroleum coke, resin, asphalt, graphite, carbon fiber, coal, charcoal and some other carbon sources used in current production processes. When the carburizing reaction is in progress, the raw silicon material is melted or vaporized and the reaction takes place in the air. No container is required, so impurity contamination is lessened, and the produced silicon carbide has a fairly high purity.

A reverse-phase suspension polymerization process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerizing the monomer or monomer blend, to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, and recovering polymer beads, in which the process comprises providing in a vessel (1) a volume (2) of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point (3) and at least one monomer feed point (4), feeding the aqueous monomer or monomer blend through orifices (5) into, or onto, the non-aqueous liquid to form aqueous monomer beads, allowing the aqueous monomer beads to flow towards the polymer bead discharge point initiating polymerization of the aqueous monomer beads to form polymerizing beads, wherein the polymerizing beads form polymer beads when they reach the polymer bead discharge point, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in non-aqueous liquid from the vessel at the polymer bead discharge point and recovering, water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension, in which the aqueous monomer or monomer blend and/or the orifices is/are vibrated such that the frequency multiplied by the weight average droplet diameter is between 150 and 800 mm/s. The invention also relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerization and polymer beads obtainable by the process or employing the apparatus. Furthermore, the invention also relates to polymer beads having a weight mean particle size in the range of 0.05 to 5 mm which are held in a container in an amount of at least 300 kg having a standard deviation of particle size less than 20%. In addition, the invention also provides polymer beads having a weight mean particle size in the range 0.05 to 5 mm having a standard deviation of particle size less than 20% and having an amount of residual acrylamide of less than 500 ppm.

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

The invention concerns a method (100) for recovering and/or recycling a bituminous product by means of pulsed power, the bituminous product comprising bitumen and elements to be separated, involving the following steps: supplying (101) a reactor (11) inside which at least two electrodes (13) extend with the bituminous product and a liquid medium of which at least one liquid component has Hansen solubility parameters , and d such that the bitumen is at least partially soluble in the liquid medium, the elements to be separated being insoluble, generating (102) a series of electromagnetic pulses between the electrodes (13) in the reactor (11) so as to produce, as a result of the power, the frequency and the switching time of the electromagnetic pulses, at least one shock wave and at least ultraviolet radiation, in such a way as to disperse and dissolve the bitumen in the liquid medium, and to separate the bitumen and the insoluble elements, the liquid medium preventing the reconstitution of the bitumen.

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.

A process comprises feeding a stream of reactant compounds to a reactor and discharging a liquid plasma into the reactant stream in the reactor, wherein the plasma initiates or accelerates a reaction of the reactant compounds to form a product composition. The reactor can comprise one or more chambers, a high-voltage electrode positioned at a first portion of the one or more chambers, a ground electrode positioned at a second portion of the one or more chambers, and a dielectric plate between the ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode that comprises openings through which the reactant stream can pass from the first portion to the second portion or from the second portion to the first portion. Discharging the plasma can include supplying electrical power to the high-voltage electrode such that plasma is discharged where the reactant stream flows through the openings.

A modular photochemical reactor system having a plurality of fluidic modules each having i) a central planar process fluid layer and ii) two outer planar thermal control fluid layers for containing flowing thermal control fluid and a plurality of illumination modules, the illumination modules of the plurality each having a planar form with first and second major surfaces and each having at least a first array of semiconductor emitters, the emitters positioned to emit from or through the first major surface, wherein the first array of semiconductor emitters has at least a first emitter and a second emitter, the first emitter capable of emitting at a first center wavelength and the second emitter capable of emitting at a second center wavelength, the first and second center wavelengths differing from each other.

A composite material preparation system comprises a sealed reaction kettle for containing reactants and base materials; temperature and pressure detecting units for detecting the temperature and pressure inside the reaction kettle; and a heating unit for hydrothermally induced heating, based on the detected temperature and pressure values. The heating unit comprises an induction coil, an induction heating device, and a control mechanism for controlling the generation of an induction frequency of the induction heating device. The reaction kettle is located in the induction coil, both ends of the induction coil are mounted on an outer wall of the induction heating device, and the induction coil and the induction heating device have circulating water introduced inside. The device can prepare a composite material having good interface bonding, by utilizing induced heating under the premise of controllable temperature and pressure, and by utilizing the characteristic that the reactants themselves are heated.

A thermal conductive plastic material, comprising: a plastic solution; a first thermal conductive material, filled and distributed in the plastic solution, being processed by an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) technology, and having its surface provided with hydrophilic functional groups; and a second thermal conductive material, filled and distributed in the plastic solution, being processed by the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) technology or chemical modification, and having its surface provided with hydrophilic functional groups. Wherein, the first thermal conductive material is formed by ceramic powders, the second thermal conductive material is formed by carbon-containing ingredient, while the first thermal conductive material and the second thermal conductive material are in touch with each other.

A small reactor, which contains an inorganic transparent substrate, which contains: a reaction channel configured to allow a chemical reaction to proceed therein; a supply channel, which is connected to one end of the reaction channel, and is configured to supply samples to be reacted in the reaction channel; and a discharge channel, which is connected to the other end of the reaction channel, and is configured to discharge a reaction product from the reaction channel, wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is in the shape of an arc-shaped curve.