A nanometer-size-particle production apparatus and method are provided which can prevent the occurrence of waste fluids, and which makes quick and continuous syntheses feasible while suppressing damages to the electrode. The nanometer-size-particle production apparatus is for synthesizing nanometer size particles in a liquid by means of plasma in the liquid.

An instrument and method for high pressure microwave assisted chemistry are disclosed. The method includes the steps of applying microwave radiation to a sample in a sealed vessel while measuring the temperature of the sample and measuring the pressure generated inside the vessel and until the measured pressure reaches a designated set point, opening the vessel to release gases until the pressure inside the vessel reaches a lower designated set point, closing the vessel, and repeating the steps of opening the vessel at designated pressure set points and closing the vessel at designated pressure set points to the sample until the sample reaction reaches a designated high temperature. The designated set points can controllably differ from one another as the reaction proceeds. Microwave energy can be applied continuously or intermittently during the opening and closing steps. The apparatus includes a microwave cavity, a microwave transparent pressure resistant reaction vessel in the cavity, a cap on the reaction vessel, a pressure sensor for measuring pressure in the vessel, a temperature sensor, and means for opening and closing the cap at predetermined pressure set points measured by the pressure sensor to release pressure from the vessel.

An anisotropic composite film includes a plurality of effectively parallel lines of particles with a polymeric or other solid matrix. The composite films are prepared by dispersion of the particles within a precursor to the matrix, such as a monomer, and acoustically stimulating the dispersion to form effectively parallel lines of the particles that are fixed by polymerizing the monomer or otherwise solidifying a matrix. The composite film is anisotropic and the transmittance of the composite film can exceed 50%. The composite films can be rigid or flexible. The composite film can be electrically conductive. The composite films can be employed as transparent electrodes for, displays, solar cells, and wearable devices.

Provided are a moisture control apparatus, a moisture control method, a program, a storage medium, a produced object, a product, an apparatus, and a facility that can improve the characteristics of an object through moisture control. In a moisture control apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, a predetermined voltage or current including a DC component and/or an AC component is applied to at least one electrode that generates at least one of an electric field, a magnetic field, an electromagnetic field, electromagnetic waves, sound waves, and ultrasonic waves to achieve a bonded state of moisture elements in an object disposed to face the electrode, so that a property of the object is able to be improved.

A method for transforming selected renewable oils and fats, and optionally polyester waste plastic materials, into a plurality of reaction products via supercritical water is disclosed. The method comprises: conveying the selected oils and fats material through an extruder, wherein the extruder is configured to continuously convey the selected oils and fats material to a supercritical fluid reaction zone; injecting hot compressed water into the supercritical fluid reaction zone, while the extruder is conveying the selected oil and fats material into the supercritical fluid reaction zone so as to yield a mixture; retaining the mixture within the reaction zone for a period of time sufficient to yield the plurality of reaction products. The reaction zone may be characterized by a tubular reactor having an adjustably positionable inner tubular spear, wherein the tubular reactor and the inner tubular spear further define an annular space within the reaction zone, and wherein the mixture flows through the annular space and into a reaction products chamber.

A method for transforming selected plant or plant-derived materials, and optionally selected waste plastics, into a plurality of phenolic reaction products having a lower sulphur content than the original feedstock, via supercritical water is disclosed. The method comprises: conveying the selected plant or plant-derived materials, and optionally waste plastic material, through an extruder, wherein the extruder is configured to continuously convey the selected feedstock to a supercritical fluid reaction zone; injecting hot compressed water into the supercritical fluid reaction zone, while the extruder is conveying the selected plant and/or plant-derived mixture and optionally waste plastic material into the supercritical fluid reaction zone so as to yield a water-containing mixture; retaining the mixture within the reaction zone for a period of time sufficient to yield the plurality of phenolic reaction products having a lower sulphur content than the original feedstock. The reaction zone may be characterized by a tubular reactor having an adjustably positionable inner tubular spear, wherein the tubular reactor and the inner tubular spear further define an annular space within the reaction zone, and wherein the mixture flows through the annular space and into a reaction products chamber for separation into three phases.

A device for handling of magnetic particles, in which liquids and a gel-like medium are loaded. The device is provided with: a first liquid containing part in which a first liquid is contained; a second liquid contained, part in which a second liquid is contained, a third liquid containing part in which a third liquid is contained, and a first gel-like medium containing part in which the first gel-like medium is contained. The first liquid containing part, the second liquid containing part and the third liquid containing part are connected to the first gel-like medium containing part. The first liquid, the second liquid and the third liquid are separated from each other by the first gel-like medium.

A system for manufacturing nanoparticles from a material is provides. It comprises a solution provided in a circulating conduit arrangement. A reaction chamber receives the solution at an inlet having an ultrasonic generator that projects ultrasonic energy into a wire mesh of the material, and directs the solution with particles of the material formed by the ultrasonic energy to an outlet. A mixer receives the solution from the outlet and a circulation pump biases the mixed solution in a circulating manner. A control processor operates the ultrasonic generator and a circulation pump to maintain a flow of the solution as ultrasonic energy is projected onto the wire mesh and particles. The material can comprise a metal, metal alloy, carbon compounds and/or silicon compounds. The mixer can include a powered agitator, and/or the conduit arrangement can be adapted to allow collection of the nanoparticles for transfer to a storage location.

Provided are a fine particle manufacturing apparatus and a fine particle manufacturing method, which manufacture smaller fine particles. The fine particle manufacturing apparatus has: a raw material supply unit that supplies raw materials for producing fine particles into a thermal plasma flame; a plasma torch in which the thermal plasma flame is generated and the raw materials supplied by the raw material supply unit is evaporated by the thermal plasma flame to form a mixture in a gaseous state; a plasma generation unit that generates the thermal plasma flame inside the plasma torch; and a gas supply unit that supplies quenched gas to the thermal plasma flame, wherein the gas supply unit supplies the quenched gas with time modulation of the supply amount of the quenched gas.

The purpose/problem of the present invention is to provide a method for producing tungsten complex oxide particles useful as a heat shield material or the like that permits inexpensive production of a stable composition. This method for producing tungsten complex oxide particles includes a step for preparing a dispersion in which a raw material powder has been dispersed, a step for feeding the dispersion into a thermal plasma flame, and a step for supplying gas containing oxygen to the terminal portion of the thermal plasma flame and producing tungsten complex oxide particles. The dispersion preferably includes a carbon element.