This disclosure provides a method of making a high-fixed-carbon material comprising pyrolyzing biomass to generate intermediate solids and a pyrolysis vapor; condensing the pyrolysis vapor to generate pyrolysis liquid; blending the pyrolysis liquid with the intermediate solids, to generate a mixture; and further pyrolyzing the mixture to generate a high-fixed-carbon material. A process can comprise: pyrolyzing a biomass-comprising feedstock in a first pyrolysis reactor to generate a first biogenic reagent and a first pyrolysis vapor; introducing the first pyrolysis vapor to a condensing system to generate a condenser liquid; contacting the first biogenic reagent with the condenser liquid, thereby generating an intermediate material; further pyrolyzing the intermediate material in a second pyrolysis reactor to generate a second biogenic reagent and a second pyrolysis vapor; and recovering the second biogenic reagent as a high-yield biocarbon composition. The process can further comprise pelletizing the intermediate material. Many process and system configurations are disclosed.

A method of forming a biofuel by capturing fats, oils, and/or greases in a grease trap is described. The method includes adding an absorbent material to a grease trap to absorb fats, oil, and/or greases, forming a biofuel by absorbing the fats, oils, and/or greases over time, removing the formed biofuel from the grease trap, and optionally transporting the biofuel for storage and/or incineration. The absorbent material, which may be stored in a porous fabric container in the form of a tube or a mat, includes: sphagnum peat, mushroom compost, orange peels, and/or polypropylene.

An apparatus for collection and disposal of fats, oil and grease that includes a fabric container having at least one open end, a biogradable material capable of absorbing a large quantity of fats, oil and grease positioned in the container through the open end, the container and biogradable material adapted for being placed in a source of fats, oil and/or grease for absorbing the fats, oil and/or grease for removal from the source and for transport to a location for processing.

Biogenic activated carbon compositions disclosed herein comprise at least 55 wt % carbon, some of which may be present as graphene, and have high surface areas, such as Iodine Numbers of greater than 2000. Some embodiments provide biogenic activated carbon that is responsive to a magnetic field. A continuous process for producing biogenic activated carbon comprises countercurrently contacting, by mechanical means, a feedstock with a vapor stream comprising an activation agent including water and/or carbon dioxide; removing vapor from the reaction zone; recycling at least some of the separated vapor stream, or a thermally treated form thereof, to an inlet of the reaction zone(s) and/or to the feedstock; and recovering solids from the reaction zone(s) as biogenic activated carbon. Methods of using the biogenic activated carbon are disclosed.

This disclosure includes regenerated inorganic fermented beverage stabilization and/or clarification media and a process for such regeneration. Inorganic stabilization and clarification media (for processing beer or the like) may include expanded perlite or other expanded natural glasses, diatomaceous earth, silica gel or other precipitated silicas and compositions that incorporate these materials. Such media may be regenerated individually, together in a mixture or together as part of a composite product. The regenerated media meet the requirements for physical and chemical properties for re-use and replacement of the majority of particulate inorganic filtration media and inorganic stabilization media consumed in stabilization and clarification processes, and the related regeneration process provides for substantial benefits to brewers through a reduction of costs to purchase and transport stabilization and clarification media, to dispose of spent cake and/or membrane retentate, while providing for substantial reductions in the introduction of soluble impurities into the fermented beverage.

A water absorption treatment material includes a core portion and a coating portion. The core portion is approximately circular column-shaped and has a side surface, a first bottom surface, and a second bottom surface. The coating portion is provided so as to cover the core portion. A region of 80% or more of the side surface of the core portion is covered by the coating portion. A region of 80% or more of the first bottom surface of the core portion is exposed without being covered by the coating portion.

The invention regards a composite for environmental remediation, comprising: —one or more green rust compound(s) or green rust precursor(s), and—one or more biochar(s).

The invention relates to absorbent compositions comprising soybean hulls and soybean hull biochar, methods of preparing such absorbent compositions, and methods of using such compositions in the preparation of articles of manufacture.

The invention is a pouch made of all-natural fabric, which contains loose plant-based absorbant capable of absorbing grease through the confines of the bag. The bag is sealed to keep the loose absorbant contained and insertable into a cooking food. Attached to the main body of the bag, a draw string tether connects the small paper tag with the invention's name printed and allows opening and closing the bag for replacing the absorbant therein. The whole product is biodegradable and can suitably be disposed of after use. The disclosed absorbant pouch is made of a material including hemp fiber having a predefined molecular porosity. The organic absorbant in the pouch molecularly bonds with a grease molecule entering through the molecular porosity of the pouch, wherein a combined size of the grease molecule bonded with the organic absorbant is larger than the molecular porosity of the pouch material.

The present invention relates to systems incorporating, and uses of, hydrothermally dehydrated carbonaceous products, particularly from waste sources, that when activated provide for effective filters in water streams. The activated particles have high microporosity and provide an improved and affordable approach to decontamination of water sources. The invention further includes preparation of such systems, including steps of hydrothermal dehydration, optional carbonization, and physical activation.