The multilayer coating film formation method for forming a multilayer coating film on a substrate comprises the steps of: applying an undercoat paint composition (X) comprising an antioxidant (a1) to a substrate to form at least one layer of an uncured first coating film; applying a topcoat paint composition (Y) containing a carboxy-containing polymer (b1) and an epoxy-containing acrylic resin (b2) to the first coating film to form an uncured second coating film; and simultaneously heating the uncured first coating film and the uncured second coating film to cure the films.

The present invention pertains to a method of manufacturing segregated layers above a substrate. The invention also pertains to methods of manufacturing a photoresist layer, photoresist patterns, a processed substrate and a device.

Disclosed herein is a clearcoat coating material composition including an OH-functional (meth)acrylic copolymer (A1), a branched OH-functional polyester (A2) in an amount in the range of from 1.0 wt.-% to 15.0 wt.-%, based on the total solids content of the coating material composition, and at least one crosslinking agent (B1), which is different from both constituents (A1) and (A2) and which contains crosslinkable functional groups, which can be crosslinked with OH-functional groups. Further disclosed herein are a method of coating a substrate including applying to an optionally pre-coated substrate the inventive clearcoat coating material composition, a coated substrate, which is obtainable by the disclosed method, and a method of using the branched OH-functional polyester (A2) as flow enhancer in a clearcoat coating material application for spray applying said clearcoat coating material application onto an optionally pre-coated substrate and/or as levelling agent.

Provided is a coating composition from which a coating film having excellent decontamination properties, scratch resistance, and transparency can be formed. Specifically, provided is a coating composition containing a resin (A) having a hydroxyl group and an alkoxysilyl group, a curing agent (B), and an acrylic resin-coated silica particle (C) dispersion, wherein: the acrylic resin-coated silica particle (C) dispersion is a reaction product of silica particles with a polymerizable unsaturated group (c1) and a polymerizable unsaturated monomer mixture (c2); and the polymerizable unsaturated monomer mixture (c2) contains, as at least a part of components thereof, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having a polysiloxane structure (c21) and an alkoxysilyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer (c22).

A method of treating PVC plates as well as plates and panels manufactured by this method. The plates and panels, in particular wall, ceiling or floor panels, comprise a heat-treated carrier plate based on polyvinyl chloride with a density of, for example, 900 to 2,500 kg/m.sup.3 and a film applied thereon. The film is a thin PVC-film and comprises a decorative pattern directly printed thereon.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a multilayer coating film with excellent performance such as acid resistance, by using a coating composition which is completely different from conventional clear coating compositions and cheaper than conventional non-melamine curing type, acid/epoxy type, and isocyanate type clear coating compositions. A method for forming a multilayer coating film comprising a step (1) of applying a base coating composition and a step (2) of applying a clear coating composition on a coating film formed in the step (1), wherein the clear coating composition causes a curing reaction through a transesterification reaction between a hydroxyl group and an alkyl ester group.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition having an excellent finished appearance, such as smoothness and distinctness of image, as well as metallic feel and no metallic mottling when the composition comprises an effect pigment; excellent coating film performance, such as water resistance; and excellent storage stability. The present invention provides an aqueous coating composition comprising (A) acrylic resin particles, (B) a water-soluble acrylic resin, and (C) a phosphoric acid compound represented by a specific formula and having hydrocarbon (and optionally polyoxyalkylene); and also provides a method for forming a coating film, comprising applying the aqueous coating composition, as well as an article coated with the aqueous coating composition.

The present disclosure provides a jet-black multilayer coating film having excellent properties in high appearance, water resistance, and humidity resistance and comprising a base coating film and a clear coating film formed by a coating composition containing a plant-derived aliphatic polyester mainly and a method for forming the same. A jet-black multilayer coating film comprising a base coating film layer formed by a base coating composition which contains a polyester polyol (A-1) containing a polyol having three or more functions and lactic acid as a consisting component of 80 mol % or more and having a hydroxyl value of 140 to 240 mgKOH/g wherein 70 mol % or more of the hydroxyl groups are secondary hydroxyl groups, an acrylic resin (A-2) with a hydroxyl value of 30 to 80 mgKOH/g and a glass transition point of 40 to 80° C., and a polyisocyanate (A-3), and a clear coating film layer formed on said base coating film layer by a clear coating composition which contains a polyester polyol (B-1) obtained by polymerization of a raw composition of a polyol having three or more functions, sebacic acid, and a diol and having a hydroxyl value of 140 to 240 mgKOH/g, an acrylic resin (B-2) with a hydroxyl value of 120 to 220 mgKOH/g, and a polyisocyanate (B-3).

An aqueous dispersion containing at least one copolymer, the copolymer being preparable by initially charging an aqueous dispersion of at least one polyurethane, and then polymerizing a mixture of olefinically unsaturated monomers in the presence of the polyurethane, where a water-soluble initiator is used, the metered addition of the olefinically unsaturated monomers is effected in such a way that a concentration of 6.0% by weight, based on the total amount of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in the reaction solution is not exceeded over the entire duration of the reaction, and the mixture of the olefinically unsaturated monomers contains at least one polyolefinically unsaturated monomer.

Pigmented aqueous basecoat material comprises at least one alpha, omega-hydroxy-functionalized oligoester having an OH number of 25 to 95 mg KOH/g, a theoretical carbon-carbon double bond content of 0.5 to 2.5 mmol/g, a number-average molecular weight of 2500 to 6000 g/mol and a weight-average molecular weight of 15 000 to 30 000 g/mol, the alpha, omega-hydroxy-functionalized oligoester further comprising at least one partially or completely salified acid group, and the sum of the weight percentage fractions of all the alpha, omega-hydroxy-functionalized oligoesters being 0.5 to 10 wt %, based on the total solids fraction of the pigmented aqueous basecoat material. Also provided are a multicoat paint system, a method of producing a multicoat paint system, and use of the above-identified alpha, omega-hydroxy-functionalized oligoester in pigmented aqueous basecoat materials for the purpose of improving adhesion.