A cutting insert is mountable on a body. The cutting insert includes: a top surface; a bottom surface opposite to the top surface; a side surface contiguous to the top surface and the bottom surface; and a cutting edge formed at a ridgeline between the top surface and the side surface. The side surface has a first surface disposed adjacent to the cutting edge and a second surface contiguous to the first surface. When viewed in a cross sectional view parallel to the bottom surface, the second surface has a first position and a second position that are brought into abutment with the body when mounted on the body. Between the first position and the second position, an imaginary straight line extending through the first position and the second position is separated from the second surface.

An insert includes a base which includes a first surface, a second surface connecting to the first surface, and a cutting edge located on at least a part of a ridgeline of the first surface and the second surface. The first surface includes a plurality of grooves located at a position away from the ridgeline and extended at an angle of 20-90° relative to the ridgeline. The grooves are away from the ridgeline in a range of 40-700 μm. A width W of the grooves is 50-700 μm, and a depth D of the grooves is 20-700 μm. Spacing S between the grooves adjacent to each other is 50-700 μm. A cutting tool includes a holder, which has a length extending from a first end to a second end and includes a pocket located on a side of the first end, and the insert is located in the pocket.

A cutting insert may include an upper surface, a lower surface, a front lateral surface and a rear lateral surface. The upper surface may include a first upper cutting edge and an upper constraining surface. The lower surface may include a first region, a second region and a third region. The first region may be located on a side opposite to the upper constraining surface. The second region may be located closer to the front lateral surface than the first region. The third region may be located closer to the rear lateral surface than the first region. A wedge angle of the first region may be a first angle, a wedge angle of the second region may be a second angle, and a wedge angle of the third region may be a third angle. The first angle may be smaller than each of the second angle and the third angle.

An insert of the present disclosure includes a base. The base includes a first surface, a second surface connecting to the first surface, and a cutting edge located on at least a part of a ridgeline of the first surface and the second surface. A region within 2.0 mm from the cutting edge in the first surface is a surface region A. A region within 0.5 mm from the surface region A is a region A1. A region within 1.2 mm from the surface region A and the second surface to 2.0 mm from the surface region A and the second surface is a region A2. An area ratio of vacancies in the region A1 is 0.005-0.04 area %, and an area ratio of vacancies in the region A2 is 0.05-0.2 area %. A cutting tool includes a holder including a pocket and the insert located in the pocket.

An insert includes a base. The base includes first and second surfaces, and a cutting edge on at least a part of a ridgeline of the first and second surfaces. The first surface includes a groove away from the ridgeline and at an angle θ1 of 20-90° relative to the ridgeline. The groove extends from a first end part closest to the cutting edge to a second end part most away from the cutting edge. The groove includes an opening and a bottom surface. An angle θ2 formed by the bottom surface and a raised surface extended from the bottom surface toward the first end part is 95-135°. A cutting tool includes a holder, which has a length extending from a first end to a second end and includes a pocket located on a side of the first end, and the insert located in the pocket.

An indexable drill insert (10) includes a top surface (12), a bottom surface (14), and a plurality of side surfaces (16) adjoining the top surface (12) and the bottom surface (14). A plurality of cutting edges (20) is formed by an intersection of a respective side surface (16) with the top surface (12). One aspect of the invention is that the top surface (12) includes a protruding portion (50) having a backwall (50a) and a segmented portion (52) extending radially outwardly with respect to the protruding portion (50) for effective chip breaking. Another aspect of the invention is that a rake surface (48) has a positive rake angle (RA) that varies along a first cutting edge section (22) of the cutting edge (20) to lower cutting force.

Systems and methods for mesh refinement of finite element analysis simulations employ an analytical modeling program configured to identify a location of contact between two components and a finite element analysis program configured to use the identified location to perform finite element mesh refinement. In this regard, the location of contact (and location of desired mesh refinement) is identified using analytical modeling. Said location of contact is then provided to the finite element analysis program for determining precisely where to perform mesh refinement on the finite element mesh. The finite element analysis program performs a mesh refinement at the exact location of contact between two components to provide for optimized and more efficient finite element analysis.

A cutting tool includes a holder and a cutting insert releasably clamped in the holder. The holder has a rear pocket surface which includes a pocket abutment surface and an adjacent pocket wedge surface. The cutting insert has at least one abutment surface and an adjacent wedge surface. When the cutting tool is assembled but not in use, the pocket abutment surface of the holder abuts the abutment surface of the cutting insert, and the wedge surface of the holder is facing and spaced apart from the wedge surface of the cutting insert. During cutting operations, the wedge surface of the insert may abut against the wedge surface of the holder.

A cutting tool includes a holder and a cutting insert releasably clamped in the holder. The holder has a rear pocket surface which includes a pocket abutment surface and an adjacent pocket wedge surface. The cutting insert has at least one abutment surface and an adjacent wedge surface. When the cutting tool is assembled but not in use, the pocket abutment surface of the holder abuts the abutment surface of the cutting insert, and the wedge surface of the holder is facing and spaced apart from the wedge surface of the cutting insert. During cutting operations, the wedge surface of the insert may abut against the wedge surface of the holder.

A cutting insert includes a substrate and a cutting-edge insert. The substrate has, in a thickness direction of the substrate, a bottom surface, and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface. The top surface has a polygonal shape composed of a plurality of sides in a plan view as seen along the thickness direction. The top surface is provided with a projection projecting to a side opposite to the bottom surface along the thickness direction. The projection has a through-hole passing through the substrate along the thickness direction. The projection has a side surface contiguous to the top surface. The side surface is composed of a curved line protruding to a side opposite to the through-hole in the plan view as seen along the thickness direction.