A three-dimensional printing system for fabricating a three-dimensional article includes a motorized build platform, a dispensing module, a pulsed light source, an imaging module, a movement mechanism, and a controller. The imaging module receives radiation from the pulsed light source and includes a two-dimensional mirror array. The movement mechanism imparts lateral motion between the imaging module and the build platform. The controller is configured to operate the motorized build platform and the dispensing module to form a layer of build material at a build plane, operate the movement mechanism to laterally scan the imaging module over the build plane, operate the pulsed light source to generate a sequence of radiation pulses that illuminate the mirror array, and operate the mirror array to selectively image the build material.

An optical device may include a polarization splitter to split a unidirectional rotary optical beam into a first rotary optical beam having a first polarization state and a second rotary optical beam having a second polarization state. The unidirectional rotary optical beam and the second rotary optical beam may have optical power with a first direction of spatial rotation. The optical device may include a reflective element to reverse a parity of the first rotary optical beam in association with causing optical power of the first rotary optical beam to have a second direction of spatial rotation. The optical device may include a polarization combiner to, after reversal of the parity of the first rotary optical beam, combine the first rotary optical beam and the second rotary optical beam to create a bi-directional rotary optical beam having the first polarization state and the second polarization state.

A computer-numerically-controlled (CNC) machine is configured to (i) measure a power of a beam of electromagnetic energy at a location between a source of the electromagnetic energy and a destination in the CNC machine, the beam of electromagnetic energy traveling from the source to the destination being susceptible to one or more interferences, and the one or more interferences being capable of altering the power of the beam of electromagnetic energy by at least diverting, away from an intended path for the beam of electromagnetic energy, at least a portion of the beam of electromagnetic energy, (ii) detect, based at least on the measured power of the beam of electromagnetic energy being less than a threshold value, an interference of the beam of electromagnetic energy, and (iii) in response to detecting the interference of the beam of electromagnetic energy, perform one or more actions.

A laser processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a laser unit emitting a laser beam; an optical unit disposed on a propagation path of the laser beam and modulating the incident laser beam into a Bessel beam; a stage on which a workpiece to be processed with the Bessel beam emitted from the optical unit is mounted; and a control unit for controlling the operations of the laser unit, the optical unit, and the stage, wherein the optical unit is configured to position the focus line of the emitted Bessel beam on the workpiece and to move the focus line positioned on the workpiece with a predetermined range.

A method for hardening a transparent material includes the steps of introducing a material modification to the transparent material using a laser beam of ultrashort laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser so as to harden at least a portion of the transparent material.

A deflection device for a laser machining head for deflecting a machining laser beam for machining a workpiece includes at least one mirror element which is deformable and/or is movably arranged in order to direct the machining laser beam to different positions on the workpiece. The mirror element includes at least one substrate and at least one reflective multilayer structure which is arranged on the substrate and in which a plurality of crystalline first layers having first refractive indices in a first range of values and a plurality of crystalline second layers having second refractive indices in a second range of values are arranged alternately one above the other. The first refractive indices of the crystalline first layers and the second refractive indices of the crystalline second layers are different from each other.

A laser processing apparatus is used which includes: a laser oscillator that oscillates a processing laser beam at a processing point to be processed on a surface of a workpiece; an optical interferometer that emits a measurement beam to the processing point and generates an optical interference intensity signal based on interference generated due to an optical path difference between the measurement beam reflected at the processing point and a reference beam; a first mirror that changes traveling directions of the processing laser beam and the measurement beam; a second mirror that changes an incident angle of the measurement beam onto the first mirror; a lens that focuses the processing laser beam and the measurement beam on the processing point; a memory that stores corrected processing data; a control unit that controls the laser oscillator, the first mirror, and the second mirror based on the corrected processing data; and a measurement processing unit that derives a depth of a keyhole generated at the processing point by the processing laser beam, based on the optical interference intensity signal.

A laser processing apparatus emits processing light, measurement light, processing guide light, and measurement guide light with which a surface of a workpiece is irradiated. Respective wavelengths of the processing guide light and the measurement guide light are set to wavelengths at which a deviation amount between an irradiation position of the processing guide light and an irradiation position of the measurement guide light due to a chromatic aberration of magnification of a lens, and a deviation amount between an irradiation position of the processing light and an irradiation position of the measurement light due to the chromatic aberration of magnification of the lens are equal to each other. Therefore, positioning of spot positions of a plurality of laser lights having different output differences can be realized with high accuracy and high speed.

A manufacturing device for additive manufacturing of component parts from a powder material includes a beam producing device, a scanner device configured to displace an energy beam to a plurality of irradiation positions, a deflection device configured to displace the energy beam at an irradiation position to a plurality of beam positions, and a control device configured to control the deflection device and to produce a specific intensity profile in the beam region. The control device does this by dividing and displacing the energy beam to at least two beam positions separated by a distance that is variably settable and/or by displacing the energy beam and by specifying at least one operating parameter of the deflection, such as a residence time at a beam position, a beam position density distribution, a frequency distribution, and an intensity influencing parameter of the energy beam deflected to the beam positions.

A method of fabricating an object by additive manufacturing is provided. The method includes irradiating a portion of powder in a powder bed, the irradiation creating an ion channel extending to the powder. The method also includes applying electrical energy to the ion channel, wherein the electrical energy is transmitted through the ion channel to the powder in the powder bed, and energy from the irradiation and the electrical energy each contribute to melting or sintering the portion of the powder in the powder bed.