A method for manufacturing a member having a through hole includes a primary formation step, an intensity determination step, a laser modulation step, and a secondary formation step. The primary formation step includes radiating a laser beam to a workpiece member to form a pilot hole having a smaller inner diameter than the through hole while receiving light from the workpiece member at a light detection unit. The intensity determination step includes determining whether a light intensity is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value. The laser modulation step includes modulating a spatial light phase of the laser beam the intensity of the light is equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value. The secondary formation step includes radiating the laser beam having the modulated spatial light phase to a peripheral part of the pilot hole to form the through hole.

Aspects of the disclosure are directed to processing a component. A first coating is removed from a substrate of the component, the substrate including a first hole. Subsequent to removing the first coating from the substrate, a second coating is applied to the substrate, where a portion of the second coating at least partially blocks the first hole. Subsequent to applying the second coating to the substrate, the portion of the second coating is removed to generate a second hole through the second coating. The removal of the portion of the second coating creates a bore in the second coating that provides a clearance from an edge of the first hole on a surface of the substrate that interfaces to the second coating.

Methods for forming a hole in a coated component are provided. The method may include forming a sacrificial layer over a ceramic barrier coating of a substrate, drilling a hole into the coated component such that any spatter formed during drilling deposits onto the sacrificial layer, and removing the sacrificial layer along with the spatter deposited thereon. The sacrificial layer may include a rare earth oxide (e.g., rare earth oxide particles). Intermediate ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component are also provided. The intermediate CMC may include a CMC body, an environmental barrier coating on the bond coating, and a sacrificial layer on the environmental barrier coating, with the sacrificial layer including particles of a rare earth oxide dispersed in a polymeric matrix.

A laser machining head includes a collimation lens, a focusing lens, and a nozzle unit. The nozzle unit includes a protective member, an inner nozzle, an outer nozzle, a nozzle holding section, and an orifice. The outer nozzle is disposed outside the inner nozzle and the nozzle holding section holds the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle. The orifice is in contact with the inner nozzle and is interposed between the nozzle holding section and the outer nozzle. The nozzle holding section has a first gas path connecting the air supply port disposed in the nozzle holding section and the orifice. The orifice has a third gas path for connecting a second gas path disposed between the inner nozzle and the outer nozzle, and the first gas path. In the vicinity of the tip of the nozzle unit, an opening connected to the second gas path is disposed.

Introducing a through hole into a substrate (4) before coating, and performing the removal thereafter, shortens the machining times for producing a through hole (18) with a diffuser (13) and also subjects the intermediate layers to less stress.

Provided is a laser processing apparatus provided with: a first optical system including a first prism and a second prism; a second optical system including a third prism and a fourth prism; a condensing optical system that condenses laser light to guide the condensed laser light to a workpiece; a first driving device that rotates the first prism and rotates the second prism synchronously with the first prism; a second driving device that rotates the third prism and rotates the fourth prism synchronously with the third prism; and a controller that controls the first driving device and the second driving device such that the workpiece is irradiated with the laser light while the laser light turns. The controller adjusts irradiation conditions of the laser light including an incidence position and an incidence angle of the laser light with respect to the workpiece, by adjusting a relative position between the first prism and the second prism and a relative position between the third prism and the fourth prism in a rotational direction.

A fixing method for fixing a terminal to a conductive pattern with a brazing filler metal disposed therebetween includes: a first step of disposing the brazing filler metal on the conductive pattern; a second step of bringing the terminal into contact with the brazing filler metal; and a third step of forming a penetrating hole in the terminal by irradiating a laser beam onto the terminal. In the third step, the laser beam is irradiated onto the terminal in such a manner that the penetrating hole is filled with the brazing filler metal melted by the irradiation of the laser beam.

A bonded functionally graded Material (FGM) structure, includes a plurality of dissimilar material layers, a first group and a second group of through holes alternately on a plurality of intermediate dissimilar material layers and on a bottom dissimilar material layer. The first group of through holes have a diameter larger than a diameter of the second group of through holes. The plurality of dissimilar material layers are stacked on top of one another. A first group of through holes on any dissimilar material layer is arranged corresponding to a second group of through holes on a dissimilar material layer stacked above, and a second group of through holes on any dissimilar material layer is arranged corresponding to a first group of through holes on a dissimilar material stacked right below. The plurality of dissimilar material layers are also bonded.

A glass sensor substrate including metallizable through vias and related process is provided. The glass substrate has a first major surface, a second major surface and an average thickness of greater than 0.3 mm. A plurality of etch paths are created through the glass substrate by directing a laser at the substrate in a predetermined pattern. A plurality of through vias through the glass substrate are etched along the etch paths using a hydroxide based etching material. The hydroxide based etching material highly preferentially etches the substrate along the etch path. Each of the plurality of through vias is long compared to their diameter for example such that a ratio of the thickness of the glass substrate to a maximum diameter of each of the through vias is greater than 8 to 1.

The present invention relates to a nozzle for injecting fuel comprising an orifice in the region of a nozzle tip for leading fuel out of the nozzle and a reception hole for receiving a nozzle needle, wherein the reception hole has a seat region for a sealing closing by a nozzle needle to enable a fuel supply to the orifice in dependence on a position of the nozzle needle, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the orifice is directed toward a region of the reception hole that adjoins the side of the seat region remote from the nozzle tip.