This disclosure relates generally to welding, and more specifically, to submerged arc welding (SAW). In an embodiment, a welding system includes a gas supply system configured to provide a gas flow. The system also includes a wire supply system configured to provide welding wire, and a flux supply system configured to provide flux near a welding arc during submerged arc welding (SAW). The system further includes a welding torch assembly configured to receive the gas flow and the welding wire and to deliver the gas flow and the welding wire near the welding arc during SAW.

The invention described herein pertains generally to boric acid free flux composition in which boric acid and/or borax is substituted with a molar equivalent amount of potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate. In some embodiments, a phthalocyanine pigment is used to effect a color change at activation temperature.

The present disclosure provides a welding flux used for austenitic stainless steel, which includes 20-40 wt. % SiC, 20-30 wt. % SiO.sub.2, 15-25 wt. % MoO.sub.3, 2-15 wt. % TiO.sub.2, 2-10 wt. % NiO, and 1-5 wt. % MgO. As such, the welding flux forms a soundness weld with high D/W ratio and surface hardness.

A flux coating composition may include a composition paste including an elastomer solution mixed with a flux powder or a flux paste. When the composition is heated during a brazing operation, the composition yields no metal oxides and 50 ppm of carbon, ash, fumes, smoke, or other by-product contaminants. The flux may include a binder with an acrylic resin and a plurality of synthetic rubber compounds.

A system for producing chemicals, such as, ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature (above 1100 degrees C.) having a feedstock source. The system includes a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline. The conversion portion includes a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100 C. or 1200 C. or even 1250 C. or even 1300 C. or even 1400 C. A method for producing chemicals, such as ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature.

A flux-cored wire for carbon dioxide gas shielded arc welding includes, in terms of % by mass with respect to a total mass of the wire, 0.03 to 0.08% of C, 0.2 to 0.6% of Si, 1.2 to 2.8% of Mn, 0.01 to 0.5% of Cu, 0.2 to 0.7% of Ni, 0.1 to 0.6% of Ti, 0.005 to 0.020% of B, 0.05% or less of Al, 4.0 to 8.0% in terms of TiO.sub.2, 0.1 to 0.6% of in terms of SiO.sub.2, 0.02 to 0.3% in terms of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.1 to 0.8% of Mg, 0.05 to 0.3% in terms of F, 0.05 to 0.3% in terms of Na and K in a fluorine compound, 0.05 to 0.2% of Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O, and 0.2% or less in terms of ZrO.sub.2.

A flux material that provides a heat outflow control layer of slag (30) on a melt pool (20) that suppresses lateral heat outflow (27) and facilitates uniaxial heat outflow (26A-D) from the melt pool at a rate that causes unidirectional crystallization in the melt pool to match a crystal direction (24) of a substrate (22). The slag may be insulative, and may flow to form a greater slag thickness (T2, T3) at the sides of the melt pool than at the middle (T1). The flux may contain constituents that warm the sides of the melt pool by exothermic reaction. The flux may be used in combination with insulating elements (32A-B, 38A-B, 44) placed on the substrate surface beside the melt pool and/or with supplemental heating of the sides of the weld.

This disclosure relates generally to welding and, more specifically, to electrodes for arc welding, such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW) of zinc-coated workpieces. In an embodiment, a welding consumable for welding a zinc-coated steel workpiece includes a zinc (Zn) content between approximately 0.01 wt % and approximately 4 wt %, based on the weight of the welding consumable. It is presently recognized that intentionally including Zn in welding wires for welding galvanized workpieces unexpectedly and counterintuitively alleviates spatter and porosity problems that are caused by the Zn coating of the galvanized workpieces.

A method for manufacturing a thermally deformable component for high thermal loads, includes: providing a first area of the component with a first metallic material by a generative laser process, or making the first area of the first metallic material; providing a second area of the component with a second metallic material by a generative laser process, or making the second area of the second metallic material; where at least one of the metallic materials is deposited by the generative laser process, and a ratio of a linear expansion coefficient .sub.1 of the first metallic material and of a linear expansion coefficient .sub.2 of the second metallic material is as: $\frac{{}_2\left(T_2\right)}{{}_1\left(T_1\right)}=x\frac{.Math.T_1-T_0.Math.}{.Math.T_2-T_0.Math.},$
where x=0.5 to 1; T.sub.1=mean operating temperature on a hot side; T.sub.0=reference temperature; T.sub.2=mean operating temperature on a cold side.

A TIG welding flux for chromium-molybdenum steel is used to form a weld bead with high mechanical strength and high fracture toughness between two chromium-molybdenum steel workpieces. The TIG welding flux for chromium-molybdenum steel includes 30-44 wt % of silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2), 20-35 wt % of manganese(IV) oxide (MnO.sub.2), 14-24 wt % of chromium(III) oxide (Cr.sub.2O.sub.3), 9-19 wt % of nickel(III) oxide (Ni.sub.2O.sub.3), 7-14 wt % of molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3) and 5-10 wt % of calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2).