A method and apparatus for thermolysing organic material. The method comprises steps of: A) feeding the material in a single-screw extruder (100), the extruder comprising a cylindrical rotor member (1) having diameter (D) and length (L) and comprising a feeding zone (14), the rotor member (1) arranged in a barrel (2), the cylindrical surface of the rotor member (1) carrying cavity/cavities and/or projection(s) (5) arranged in helically extending rows, the helically extending row(s) of the rotor member (1) having a pitch (P) and depth (d) in the feeding zone (14) of the rotor member, wherein the relation of the depth (d) to the diameter (D) of the rotor member, i.e. d:D, is not more than 1:20, and the relation of the pitch (P) of the rotor member to the diameter (D) of the rotor member, i.e. P:D, is not more than 1:4, B) heating the material in the single-screw extruder (100) to a flowable state, and C) thermolysing the material.

Extrusion die systems, die changers and related methods are provided herein. The die changer for changing of dies in and out of an extrusion line can include a housing having a main supply feed bore therethrough for directing a flowable material and a channel oriented transversely to the main supply feed bore. The die changer can include a slide plate movable through the channel and transverse to a direction of flow through the bore. The slide plate can include an elongate body having a first section and a second section. A first bore can extend through the first section of the elongate body of the slide plate and a second bore can extend through the second section of the elongate body of the slide plate. The slide plate of the die changer can be moved within the channel of the housing between a first position where the first bore in the first section of the elongate body of the slide plate is aligned with the main supply feed bore and a second position where the second bore in the second section of the elongate body of the slide plate is aligned with the main supply feed bore.

There is a lead casing for pencil for writing, drawing, marking, plotting, and/or coloring made of a composition having, by weight relative to the total weight of the lead casing for pencil: a) from 50 to 95% of a mixture of polylactic acid and polybutylene adipate terephthalate in a weight ratio polylactic acid/polybutylene adipate terephthalate ranging from 60/40 to 90/10, and b) from 5 to 40% of mineral fillers chosen in the group consisting of shellfish shells, more specifically oyster shells, and even more specifically milled oyster shells. There is also a pencil including the lead casing for the pencil of the disclosure, for writing, drawing, marking, plotting, and/or coloring as well as a method for manufacturing such a pencil.

The devices relate to the nuclear, metallurgical, mining, machine-building and food industries and may be used in producing semi-finished products and items made via the extrusion of powders of composite, polymer and other plastic masses. A device for producing semi-finished products or items made of composite, or polymer, or plasticized powder materials includes a screw press with a housing and a screw within the housing. The housing and the screw each have at least one deformational portion with protrusions and may each be formed integrally with the protrusions or may be formed compositionally, having special insertable rings which are provided with protrusions. In carrying out all three device variants, the housing and the screw are formed compositionally, and have provided, on the deformational portions of a ring, stators, which are secured to neighboring portions of the housing, and rotors, which are secured to neighboring portions of the screw.

An extruder (1) comprising a feed port (10), the feed port is configured to direct material towards a barrel region of an extruder, the feed port comprising a passageway, the passageway arranged to be in communication with the barrel region (11) of the extruder, and the passageway comprises a transverse cross-sectional shape which comprises three substantially rectilinear side surfaces (4a, 4b, 4c) which are arranged substantially orthogonally, and a fourth side (4d) which is non-orthogonally angled relative to two of the side surfaces which are adjacent to the fourth side.

A shearing part for a plasticising screw has at least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel, which run helically around or parallel to the longitudinal axis (X) of the shearing part. The inlet channel is open upstream and closed downstream. The outlet channel is open downstream and closed upstream. The inlet outlet channels are arranged lying directly adjacent to one another and contiguous to one another, and are connected directly with one another fluidically, so that inflowing melt can flow over directly from the inlet channel into the outlet channel, wherein a flow direction transversely to longitudinal axis (X) of the shearing part is produced. The inlet channel has a depth (T) at which shearing action on the melt is substantially avoided. The outlet channel is configured as shearing surface, so that shearing action is present onto melt flowing through the outlet channel.

Systems for producing superabsorbent polymer particles for use in agricultural applications are disclosed. A monomer is graft polymerized onto a starch to form a starch graft copolymer. The moisture content of the starch graft copolymer is reduced through use of an extruder.

Systems for producing superabsorbent polymer particles for use in agricultural applications are disclosed. A monomer is graft polymerized onto a starch to form a starch graft copolymer. The moisture content of the starch graft copolymer is reduced through use of an extruder.

Apparatus and methods for extruding plastic materials are disclosed. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a feeding portion; a melting portion in communication with the feeding portion and configured to transmit heat into material received from the feeding portion; and an output die in communication with the melting portion to permit extrusion of the material. The melting portion comprises: a melting barrel having an inner surface defining a melting chamber in communication with the feeding portion; and a melting insert inside the melting chamber. The melting insert comprises an outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the melting barrel where the outer surface comprises one or more open-ended channels formed therein. In some embodiments, the feeding portion and the melting portion may be thermally insulated from each other and a propeller of the feeding portion may be disposed entirely outside of the melting portion.

Apparatus and methods for extruding plastic materials are disclosed. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a feeding portion; a melting portion in communication with the feeding portion and configured to transmit heat into material received from the feeding portion; and an output die in communication with the melting portion to permit extrusion of the material. The melting portion comprises: a melting barrel having an inner surface defining a melting chamber in communication with the feeding portion; and a melting insert inside the melting chamber. The melting insert comprises an outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the melting barrel where the outer surface comprises one or more open-ended channels formed therein. In some embodiments, the feeding portion and the melting portion may be thermally insulated from each other and a propeller of the feeding portion may be disposed entirely outside of the melting portion.