Systems and methods are provided for utilizing stringer end caps. One embodiment is a method of forming a stringer. The method includes laying up a stringer preform comprising fiber-reinforced material, placing the stringer preform onto a skin panel preform, bonding an end cap to the stringer preform and the skin panel preform, and co-curing the stringer preform and the skin panel preform while the end cap is bonded to the stringer preform and the skin panel preform, resulting in a composite part that includes the end cap.

A method of bonding a composite vane to at least one support. The method includes positioning an end of a vane within a support, causing an adhesive to flow between the vane and the support from an inlet to an outlet, and reversing the flow of adhesive from the outlet towards the inlet.

An apparatus for manufacturing a container that includes a side wall (5) in the form of a tube and a base (7) at one end of the tube. The apparatus includes a tube forming unit (15) for progressively folding a length of a sheet (19) of a side wall material into an elongate tube shape (21) having a forward end (23) for receiving a base (7) of the container and welding together lengthwise extending sides of the sheet to form the tube. The apparatus also includes a base attachment unit (17) for positioning a base of the container on the forward end of the tube.

A resin pipe 30 and a resin member 31 are fixed to a setting portion 5 provided on the front side of a base 6, and a timing pulley 13 which is provided on the back side of the base 6 and to which a light emission unit 3 is attached is rotated. As a result, the light emission unit 3 applies laser light 20 to a junction 32 between the resin pipe 30 and the resin member 31 while revolving around the junction 32. This makes it easy to fuse and join the entire outer circumferential surface of the resin pipe 30 with the entire inner circumferential surface of the resin member 31, which are variously shaped and sized.

Exposure of a leftover material at a cartridge that forms a vapor product is prevented. There is provided a cartridge that is assembled in a part of a vapor product that includes a heating element for heating an aerosol source. The cartridge includes a first component and a second component, at least one of which being formed of resin, and a connection section whose one end is connected to the first component and whose another end is joined or welded to the second component. The second component includes a facing surface that faces the first component, and an outermost edge of the facing surface. The other end of the connection section is joined or welded to the facing surface of the second component, at a position away from the outermost edge.

A coupling may be configured to receive and secure an insertion end of a conduit. An outer surface of the insertion end of the conduit may be smooth and free of grooves, flanges and beads. A first member of the coupling may define a first passageway. A second member of the coupling may define a second passageway. The first member may be in engagement with the second member. A gripping ring having an inner edge defining a series of teeth may be disposed within the second member. A support ring and O-ring may also be disposed within the second member.

An axle strut for a vehicle having a shaft and two bearing regions. The axle strut has a supporting profile and two load-introducing elements. The supporting profile is formed from fiber reinforced plastics composite material. A first load-introducing element and a second load-introducing element are arranged at respective bearing region, and the supporting profile is arranged spatially between the two bearing regions. The supporting profile has a first connection area facing the first bearing region and a second connection area facing the second bearing region. Every load-introducing element has a receptacle. The supporting profile is connected by its first connection area and by the receptacle of the first load-introducing element to the first load-introducing element by an adhesive connection, and the supporting profile is connected by its second connection area and by the receptacle of the second load-introducing element to the second load-introducing element by a further adhesive connection.

In a manufacturing method of an assembly, the assembly including a metal part and a pipe, the pipe including a material containing a resin, an adhesive is first adhered to an outer circumferential surface of the pipe and a metal part covering at least a portion of an outer circumferential surface of the pipe. Here, an area to which the adhesive is adhered on the outer circumferential surface of the pipe is defined as an adhesion area. Next, by a heat source provided inside the pipe, a target area is heated without interposing the metal part. The target area is located radially interior to the adhesion area and located on an inner circumferential surface of the pipe.

Disclosed herein is a piping system for an air conditioner, in which a refrigerant pipe being an air conditioning piping of a vehicle and a flange member are each made of a plastic material, and the refrigerant pipe and the flange member can be connected by laser fusing. That is, the present disclosure provides the piping system for an air conditioner, in which the refrigerant pipe and the flange member are each made of a plastic material having a vibration insulation effect and are connected by laser fusing which can prevent damage so that an effect of weight reduction and vibration insulation can be provided and a pressure loss of a refrigerant fluid can be minimized by maintaining a diameter of the refrigerant pipe to be constant with respect to an overall length of the refrigerant pipe.

The invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for producing a plug-through connection arrangement of a plurality of electrical cables (1a-1d) and/or fluid-conducting hoses, having a sheathing (2) consisting of a plastic, which extend, arranged adjacently spaced apart from each other, through associated openings (3a-3d) of a plastic component (4), comprising the following steps: providing (A) the plastic part (4) with the pre-produced plurality of openings (3a-3d), installing (B) the electrical cables (1a-1d) and/or fluid-conducting hoses through the associated openings (3a-3d), such that the outer wall of the sheathing (2), which consists of plastic, comes into contact with the inner wall of the respective openings (3a-3d) of the plastic component (4), thermal welding (C) of the electrical cables (1a-1d) and/or fluid-conducting hoses to the plastic component (4) in the region of the respective opening (3a-3d), in order to produce an integrally sealing component bond, wherein at least two laser beam units (5a, 5b), positioned opposite each other, are aligned to an associated initial connection point, after which the oppositely positioned laser beam units (5a, 5b) are activated and caused to undergo a linear relative movement crosswise to the orientation of the openings (3a-3d), in order to create the integral bond by surface melting of the sheathing (2) together with the plastic component (4).