The present invention provides multiple layer interlayers having a soft inner polymer layer and relatively stiff outer layers that can be laminated without unacceptable optical distortion and used in various multiple layer glass panel type applications. Multiple layer interlayers of the present invention have surface topography that is formed by controlling the melt fracture that occurs at the exposed surface of the interlayer, or individual layers of the multiple layer interlayer, during formation of the interlayer. By precisely controlling the surface topography of the interlayer, lamination of the interlayer with a rigid substrate does not lead to unacceptable optical distortion caused by the transfer of the surface topography through outer, stiffer layers into softer, internal layers of the interlayer.

A composite pane for a motor vehicle, in particular the front pane, is formed from a first pane and a second pane, which are adhered to one another by way of a film. A coating reflecting infrared rays is applied to the film. The coating has at least one cut-out, within which a transponder is arranged between the two panes. A motor vehicle has a composite pane as described above.

A multiple glazing unit having two outermost glass panes and at least one inner glass pane, where at least two intermediate gas-filled cavities each lie between two glass panes, the at least one inner glass pane bearing one metal-based insulating coating on one face and one transparent conductive oxide-based insulating coating on the opposite face, and a process for making the glazing.

An electronic device (e.g., a diode) is provided that includes a substrate and a patterned layer of superconducting material disposed over the substrate. The patterned layer forms a first electrode, a second electrode, and a loop coupling the first electrode with the second electrode by a first channel and a second channel. The first channel and the second channel have different minimum widths. For a range of current magnitudes, when a magnetic field is applied to the patterned layer of superconducting material, the conductance from the first electrode to the second electrode is greater than the conductance from the second electrode to the first electrode.

The present invention relates to a polyvinyl acetal resin film, comprising a polyvinyl acetal resin material, wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin film has a thickness of 5 to 350 μm, and satisfies the following Formulae (1) and (2) where, comparing one surface and the other surface, a mean value of the 10-point average roughness of a rougher surface A and a mean value of the 10-point average roughness of a smoother surface B are defined as Rz1(a) μm and Rz2(a) μm, respectively:

Rz1(a)>1.1×Rz2(a)  (1)

3>Rz2(a)  (2), a value obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the 10-point average roughness of the surface A by Rz1(a) and a value obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the 10-point average roughness of the surface B by Rz2(a) are each 0 to 0.30, a viscosity of a toluene/ethanol (1:1, mass ratio) solution containing 10%-by-mass of a polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the polyvinyl acetal resin material, which is measured at 20° C. and 30 rpm using a Brookfield-type (B-type) viscometer, is 100 to 1,000 mPa.Math.s, and the amount of a plasticizer in the polyvinyl acetal resin film is 0 to 20% by mass based on a total mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin film.

Disclosed is a hydrogenated copolymer obtained by hydrogenating a copolymer which comprises an aromatic vinyl monomer unit and a chain conjugated diene monomer unit. When, among at least two hydrogenated copolymer-derived peaks in an elution curve measured by gel permeation chromatography of a sample containing the hydrogenated product, a hydrogenated copolymer-derived peak exhibiting a peak top with the earliest elution time is defined as a first peak and a hydrogenated copolymer-derived peak exhibiting a peak top with the second earliest elution time is defined as a second peak, the ratio of a standard polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight based on the elution time of the first peak (first peak molecular weight) to a standard polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight based on the elution time of the second peak (second peak molecular weight) is 1.50 or more. The second peak molecular weight is 1,000 or more.

A fireproof/bullet-proof safety glazing that includes a laminated assembly I of glass sheets, the laminate I, the glass sheets of which are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets and n layers of intumescent material made from hydrated alkali silicate, with 1≤n≤3. The laminate I also includes a fireproof module comprising the n layers of intumescent material made of hydrated alkali silicate and n+1 glass sheets, the module being flanked on either side by at least one interlayer thermoplastic sheet and at least one glass sheet. The laminate I does not include organic glass sheets made from a polymer material that is rigid at ambient temperature. The glazing includes at least six glass sheets.

Provided is an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of enhancing the sound insulating property and the interlayer adhesive force in an interlayer film having increased transparency. An interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention is an interlayer film for laminated glass having a one-layer or two or more-layer structure, the interlayer film includes a first layer containing a vinyl monomer polymer, the vinyl monomer polymer is a polymer of a polymerizable composition containing a monomer having a functional group having hydrogen bondability, and a laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass is arranged between two sheets of float glass having a thickness of 2.0 mm, a length of 30 mm and a width of 2.5 cm in conformity with JIS R3202 has a haze, measured in conformity with JIS K6714 by using a haze meter, of 0.5% or less.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an ionomer having excellent transparency, maintaining a high elastic modulus at high temperatures, being less coloration, and having a reduced odor during molding processing. The means for solving the problem is an ionomer comprising 0.05 to 1.0 mol % of (meth)acrylic acid ester units, 4.5 to 9.0 mol % of carboxylic acid units, 0.65 to 3.0 mol % of carboxylic acid neutralized product units, and ethylene units, based on the total monomer units which constitute the resin, with the total content of the (meth)acrylic acid ester units, the carboxylic acid units, and the carboxylic acid neutralized product units being 7.0 to 10 mol %.

The disclosure relates to glass articles having a decorative inorganic layer that is compatible with ion exchange processes and suitable for automotive glass. The inorganic layer comprises a plurality of pores in which polymerizable filler components have been deposited and cross-linked. The porous inorganic layer has a glass transition temperature of greater than 450° C. and a glass softening temperature of less than 650° C. The disclosure also provides glass articles containing the filled porous inorganic layer and methods for preparing the same.