A head alignment apparatus for determining a reference position using position synchronization and aligning a plurality of head modules according to the reference position, and a substrate treating system including the same are provided. The head alignment apparatus may include, a reference position determining unit for determining a first reference position of a head transfer, in which a plurality of inkjet head modules are installed; and a mounting position determining unit for determining a second reference position of the inkjet head module based on the first reference position so that the inkjet head module can be moved from a current position to a second reference position, wherein the reference position determining unit determines a first reference position using a first image sensor installed on the same plane as the inkjet head module and a second image sensor installed facing the inkjet head module.

An apparatus for processing a substrate may include a stage on which a substrate is placed, an ink jet head assembly for discharging chemical liquid onto the substrate, and a gantry for holding the ink jet head assembly over the substrate on the stage. The ink jet head assembly may include an ink jet head for discharging the chemical liquid onto the substrate, a supporting member for holding the ink jet head, a fixing member being combined with supporting member to fix the supporting member to the fixing member, a protruding member disposed on the fixing member, and a receiving member provided in the supporting member to receive the protruding member.

An apparatus for processing a substrate may include a stage on which a substrate is placed, an ink jet head assembly for discharging chemical liquid onto the substrate, and a gantry for holding the ink jet head assembly over the substrate on the stage. The ink jet head assembly may include an ink jet head for discharging the chemical liquid onto the substrate, a supporting member for holding the ink jet head, a fixing member being combined with supporting member to fix the supporting member to the fixing member, a protruding member disposed on the fixing member, and a receiving member provided in the supporting member to receive the protruding member.

A liquid-discharging-head includes a nozzle having a first-nozzle-portion having a first-sectional-area and a second-nozzle-portion having a second-sectional-area larger than the first-sectional-area, a liquid chamber which communicates with the nozzle, and a piezoelectric-element which changes a pressure inside the liquid chamber, in which the piezoelectric-element is driven from the control section, and the liquid-discharging-head executes a first control in which an apex of a liquid surface is drawn into the second-nozzle-portion in a state in which an inner wall surface of the first-nozzle-portion is covered by a liquid film by decreasing the pressure inside the liquid chamber, and a second control in which a shape of the apex of the liquid surface is inverted to a protruding shape towed the opening and the droplet is discharged from the nozzle by increasing the pressure inside the liquid chamber in a state in which the inner wall surface is covered by the liquid film.

A liquid-discharging-head includes a nozzle having a first-nozzle-portion having a first-sectional-area and a second-nozzle-portion having a second-sectional-area larger than the first-sectional-area, a liquid chamber which communicates with the nozzle, and a piezoelectric-element which changes a pressure inside the liquid chamber, in which the piezoelectric-element is driven from the control section, and the liquid-discharging-head executes a first control in which an apex of a liquid surface is drawn into the second-nozzle-portion in a state in which an inner wall surface of the first-nozzle-portion is covered by a liquid film by decreasing the pressure inside the liquid chamber, and a second control in which a shape of the apex of the liquid surface is inverted to a protruding shape towed the opening and the droplet is discharged from the nozzle by increasing the pressure inside the liquid chamber in a state in which the inner wall surface is covered by the liquid film.

A liquid ejection head includes a recording element substrate including a plurality of ejection port arrays, a support member supporting the recording element substrate, and including a plurality of liquid chambers, and a channel member including a plurality of channels. Each of the plurality of liquid chambers includes an opening connected to one of the plurality of channels. Each of the plurality of channels is a channel that extends upward from the opening in a vertical direction, in a posture of the liquid ejection head in ejecting the liquid. A volume of the channel connected to the opening located at a central portion of the liquid chamber in the longitudinal direction, among the plurality of channels, is greater than a volume of the channel connected to the opening located on an end portion side apart from the central portion of the liquid chamber in the longitudinal direction.

A liquid ejection head includes a recording element substrate including a plurality of ejection port arrays, a support member supporting the recording element substrate, and including a plurality of liquid chambers, and a channel member including a plurality of channels. Each of the plurality of liquid chambers includes an opening connected to one of the plurality of channels. Each of the plurality of channels is a channel that extends upward from the opening in a vertical direction, in a posture of the liquid ejection head in ejecting the liquid. A volume of the channel connected to the opening located at a central portion of the liquid chamber in the longitudinal direction, among the plurality of channels, is greater than a volume of the channel connected to the opening located on an end portion side apart from the central portion of the liquid chamber in the longitudinal direction.

An electrohydrodynamic print head includes a plurality of nozzles and a common electrode. Separately controllable electrostatic fields between the common electrode and each nozzle are provided. The common electrode can also shield adjacent electrostatic fields from each other. Each nozzle can be associated with separately controllable gas flow fields and separately back pressures. The print head enables simultaneous e-jet printing of different printing fluids and/or different resolutions. The print head may be part of a printing system with interchangeable cartridges. Each cartridge has multiple nozzles, and printing fluid extraction parameters can be made separately controllable for each nozzle.

An electrohydrodynamic print head includes a plurality of nozzles and a common electrode. Separately controllable electrostatic fields between the common electrode and each nozzle are provided. The common electrode can also shield adjacent electrostatic fields from each other. Each nozzle can be associated with separately controllable gas flow fields and separately back pressures. The print head enables simultaneous e-jet printing of different printing fluids and/or different resolutions. The print head may be part of a printing system with interchangeable cartridges. Each cartridge has multiple nozzles, and printing fluid extraction parameters can be made separately controllable for each nozzle.

Provided are a printed matter inspection device, a printed matter inspection method, a program, and a printing apparatus capable of suppressing erroneous detection in detection of a defect occurring in one direction. The printed matter inspection device and the printing apparatus include a print data acquisition unit that acquires print data, an imaging data acquisition unit that acquires imaging data of a printed matter, a registration processing unit that executes registration between the print data and the imaging data by applying a specified registration accuracy, and an inspection processing unit that acquires defect information of the imaging data based on the print data. A learning model that has been learned by using a disturbance-imparted learning data set having, as an input, disturbance-imparted imaging data in which a disturbance that shifts a position of the imaging data in a direction intersecting a relative transport direction between the printing section and the medium in the printing apparatus is imparted, and having defect information as an output is applied to the inspection processing unit.