An air management system for a vehicle having a first pneumatic circuit and a second pneumatic circuit, in which the first and second pneumatic circuits are pneumatically connected in a neutral position via a cross-flow mechanism. The first pneumatic circuit is configured to independently adjust air pressure of a first side of the vehicle. The second pneumatic circuit is configured to independently adjust air pressure of a second side of the vehicle. The system is configured to establish pneumatic communication between the first and second pneumatic circuits when the air management system is not independently adjusting the adjust air pressure of the first side of the vehicle and the air pressure of the second side of the vehicle in the cross-flow mode.

A suspension element includes a housing, a first joint, and a second joint. The housing is configured to couple a tractive element assembly to a vehicle. The housing has a first end configured to engage a portion of the vehicle and a second end configured to interface with the tractive element assembly. The first joint includes a first actuator and a first resilient member. The first actuator is configured to facilitate linear extension and retraction of the suspension element. The second joint includes a second actuator and a second resilient member. The second actuator is configured to facilitate rotational movement of the suspension element. The first resilient member and the second resilient member are configured to support a static load of the vehicle.

A ball joint configured for detecting movement of a ball stud with a simple configuration, determining stability and behavior of a vehicle, and determining the presence or absence of abnormalities in parts, and a vehicle including the same, may include: a ball stud including a spherical head and a rod integrally formed with the head; a bearing formed in a shape of a tube open to first and second sides thereof and at least partially surrounding the head; a case formed in a shape of a tube open to first and second sides thereof and at least partially surrounding an external side of the bearing; a cap assembled in the case to close an opening on the first side of the case; and an optical sensor mounted on the cap facing the head.