A transportation refrigeration unit (TRU) system is provided and includes a damper assembly configured to direct air flows through first or second pathways and an evaporator disposed in the first pathway, a coil element surrounded by phase change material (PCM) and disposed in the second pathway and a routing assembly configured to direct refrigerant through the evaporator or the coil element. With the PCM pre-cooled, the damper and routing assemblies are controllable to respectively direct the air flows through the first pathway and the refrigerant through the evaporator when first conditions are met and to respectively direct the air flows through the second pathway when second conditions are met.

A thermal management system includes a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, a first valve control device, a first indoor heat exchanger, a second indoor heat exchanger and a second valve control device. The thermal management system includes a heating and dehumidifying mode. The first valve control device and the second valve control device both include a fully open mode and a throttle mode. In the heating and dehumidifying mode, the second valve control device is in the throttle mode, and the first valve control device is in the throttle mode or the fully open mode. In the cooling mode, the first valve control device is in the throttle mode, and the second valve control device is in the fully open mode or the throttle mode.

A cooling system for a vehicle including a coolant loop configured to exchange heat with a battery. The coolant loop includes a proportional valve for directing a coolant from the battery to at least one of a first chiller and a second chiller. The cooling system for a vehicle also includes a first refrigerant loop comprising the first chiller. The first chiller is configured to exchange heat between the first refrigerant loop and the coolant loop. The cooling system for a vehicle also includes a second refrigerant loop comprising the second chiller. The second chiller is configured to exchange heat between the second refrigerant loop and the coolant loop.

A thermal management system for a vehicle is provided, which includes a battery line connected to a high-voltage battery core, provided with a first radiator, and configured to make cooling water flow therein by a first pump; an indoor heating line connected to a heating core for indoor air conditioning, and provided with a water heating heater therein and a second pump to make cooling water flow therein; a first battery heating line and a second battery heating line branched from a first valve provided at a downstream point of the heating core of the indoor heating line and connected to upstream and downstream points of the high-voltage battery core of the battery line, respectively; and a refrigerant line provided with an expansion valve, a cooling core for indoor air conditioning, a compressor, and an air-cooled condenser.

A thermal management system for a passenger cabin of a hybrid vehicle includes a refrigerant loop in fluid communication with a compressor, a condenser, and a chiller. A main cabin evaporator is in fluid communication with the refrigerant loop. A first valve is configured to regulate refrigerant flow through the main cabin evaporator. A temperature sensor disposed at the main cabin evaporator is configured to output a signal indicative of a main cabin evaporator temperature. An auxiliary evaporator is in fluid communication with the refrigerant loop. A second valve is configured to regulate refrigerant flow through the auxiliary evaporator. A controller is programmed to, in response to the main cabin evaporator temperature being less than a threshold while the main cabin evaporator is operated with the second valve closed, open the second valve to cycle refrigerant through the auxiliary evaporator to increase the main cabin evaporator temperature.

A vehicle climate control system includes an air conditioning unit including an exterior heat exchanger, an interior heat exchanger, an evaporator, a compressor, a first expansion valve, and a second expansion valve. A seat coil is embedded in a vehicle seat and connected to the air conditioning unit through a first inlet passage, a first outlet passage, a second inlet passage, and a second outlet passage. The compressor is selectively connected to the exterior heat exchanger, the evaporator, the interior heat exchanger, and the seat coil. The first expansion valve is selectively connected to an outlet of the exterior heat exchanger, an inlet of the evaporator, and the seat coil. The second expansion valve is selectively connected to an outlet of the interior heat exchanger, an inlet of the exterior heat exchanger, and the seat coil air conditioning unit.

A thermal management system comprises a coolant system and a separate refrigerant system that are both selectively interconnectable to a chiller. The coolant system includes a radiator and a plurality of fluid lines forming a selectable interconnectable array of coolant loops. This array includes an energy storage system coolant loop and an electrical drive system coolant loop that are separately interconnectable with the radiator and that control the temperature of the energy storage system and the electrical drive system of an electric vehicle. The refrigerant system includes a condenser, an internal heat exchanger, and an array of refrigerant loops that control the temperature of a cabin of the electric vehicle. Together, the coolant system and the refrigerant system provide multiple thermal control modes for components of an electric vehicle.

A compact heat exchanger unit within an air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle, and a condenser region for the condensation of refrigerant is formed as a heat exchanging surface, and a high-pressure-refrigerant collector region as a refrigerant collector is formed in the integrated form as a plate packet of a heat exchanger within a plate heat exchanger.

A vehicle thermal management system including a refrigerant circuit, a coolant circuit, a chiller, and a controller is provided. The refrigerant circuit may include an electric air conditioning (eAC) compressor and a pressure sensor. The coolant circuit may include a high-voltage battery. The chiller selectively thermally links the circuits. The controller may be programmed to, responsive to receipt of a sensor signal indicating refrigerant pressure exiting the eAC compressor is greater than a high threshold, output a pressure sensor fault error indicating the pressure sensor is faulty. The system may further include a timer to monitor operational timing of the eAC compressor. The controller may be further programmed to direct the system to operate without monitoring the eAC compressor responsive to the timer indicating the eAC compressor has been off for a time-period less than a time threshold reflective of the eAC compressor not being in an at rest state.

Mice are provided that comprise a reduction or deletion of ADAM6 activity from an endogenous ADAM6 locus, or that lack an endogenous locus encoding a mouse ADAM6 protein, wherein the mice comprise a sequence encoding an ADAM6 or ortholog or homolog or fragment thereof that is functional in a male mouse. In one embodiment, the sequence is an ectopic ADAM6 sequence or a sequence that confers upon a male mouse the ability to generate offspring by mating. Mice and cells with genetically modified immunoglobulin heavy chain loci that comprise an ectopic nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse ADAM6 or functional fragment or homolog or ortholog thereof are also provided.