Provided is a rear guard structure system including: a chassis frame attached to the bottom of a vehicle; a plurality of guard stays having one ends hinge-coupled to chassis-frame hinges at both sides of the chassis frame through first hinges; and a rear guard attached to the other ends of the guard stays. A first stopper is mounted around the first hinge so as to restrict rotation of the guard stay, and includes a first buffer member to reduce shock or vibration when the rear guard is vertically vibrated.

A sensor protector includes two stays and a thin-plate shaped separate sheet held by the stays. The stays are provided on a bracket. The bracket holds a sensor and is fixed at a predetermined position to an outside panel of the body of a vehicle covered with a bumper cover of the vehicle. The sheet extends such that, in the sensor attached state, the sheet divides/partitions a space around the sensor formed between the outside panel of the body and the bumper cover into an upper space which contains the entirety of the detection surface of the sensor and a lower space which does not contain the detection surface of the sensor.

A sensor protector includes two stays and a thin-plate shaped separate sheet held by the stays. The stays are provided on a bracket. The bracket holds a sensor and is fixed at a predetermined position to an outside panel of the body of a vehicle covered with a bumper cover of the vehicle. The sheet extends such that, in the sensor attached state, the sheet divides/partitions a space around the sensor formed between the outside panel of the body and the bumper cover into an upper space which contains the entirety of the detection surface of the sensor and a lower space which does not contain the detection surface of the sensor.

There is provided a sensor protector including: mounting portions that are mounted to a bracket for fixing a sensor, which is provided at a vehicle inner side of a bumper cover, to a body of a vehicle; a covering portion that is plate-shaped, that extends from lower portions of the mounting portions toward the bumper cover, and that covers a lower portion of the sensor; and a weak portion that is provided at the covering portion and makes the covering portion elastically deformable.

A method for joining members according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: providing a bumper stay including two integrated pipe portions extending in an identical direction, the bumper stay including a recess provided between the pipe portions being adjacent to each other, the recess extending in a longitudinal direction of the pipe portions from end surfaces of the pipe portions, a part of the recess serving as a locking portion, and a bumper beam including a rear inclined wall formed with two hole portions into which the pipe portions of the bumper stay are insertable respectively; inserting the bumper stay into the hole portions of the bumper beam until the locking portion abuts on the rear inclined wall; and pipe-expanding an insertion portion of the bumper stay into the bumper beam to join the insertion portion to the bumper beam by press-fitting.

A pedestrian protection device for a motor vehicle, for example for a motor vehicle front end or a motor vehicle rear end, has a bumper crossmember with a deformation element arranged on the outer side thereof, i.e. the side directed towards the front. In particular, the deformation element is arranged between a bumper skin and the bumper crossmember. The deformation element has a first element and a second element which are displaceable relative to one another in the event of a collision. Furthermore, the pedestrian protection device has a locking mechanism which, in dependence on a displacement speed, and thus on a collision speed, of the motor vehicle, and while exploiting a mass inertia of a locking element which is arranged or mounted on the first element or the second element, is adjustable between a locked state in which a displacement of the first element relative to the second element is at least partially prevented by, in particular, positive engagement, and an unlocked state in which a displacement of the first element is allowed.

A pedestrian protection device for a motor vehicle, for example for a motor vehicle front end or a motor vehicle rear end, has a bumper crossmember with a deformation element arranged on the outer side thereof, i.e. the side directed towards the front. In particular, the deformation element is arranged between a bumper skin and the bumper crossmember. The deformation element has a first element and a second element which are displaceable relative to one another in the event of a collision. Furthermore, the pedestrian protection device has a locking mechanism which, in dependence on a displacement speed, and thus on a collision speed, of the motor vehicle, and while exploiting a mass inertia of a locking element which is arranged or mounted on the first element or the second element, is adjustable between a locked state in which a displacement of the first element relative to the second element is at least partially prevented by, in particular, positive engagement, and an unlocked state in which a displacement of the first element is allowed.

In one example, a load-bearing, three-dimensional printed part resists a load. The load-bearing part has a load-receiving member, a support member, and a network of interconnected branches. The load-receiving member has an outer surface that receives the load. The support member is offset from the load-receiving member along a first direction. The network of interconnected branches extends from the load-receiving member to the support member, and includes a first primary branch and an auxiliary branch. The first primary branch has a first primary-branch end attached to one of the load-receiving member and the support member. The auxiliary branch has a first auxiliary-branch end attached to the first primary branch, and a second auxiliary-branch end attacked to one of (i) the load-receiving member, (ii) the support member, and (iii) a second primary branch.

In one example, a load-bearing, three-dimensional printed part resists a load. The load-bearing part has a load-receiving member, a support member, and a network of interconnected branches. The load-receiving member has an outer surface that receives the load. The support member is offset from the load-receiving member along a first direction. The network of interconnected branches extends from the load-receiving member to the support member, and includes a first primary branch and an auxiliary branch. The first primary branch has a first primary-branch end attached to one of the load-receiving member and the support member. The auxiliary branch has a first auxiliary-branch end attached to the first primary branch, and a second auxiliary-branch end attacked to one of (i) the load-receiving member, (ii) the support member, and (iii) a second primary branch.

A vehicle may include a bumper assembly that includes a bumper cover, and a bumper cover retainer. The bumper cover retainer may further include an integrally formed fastening feature that is integral with the bumper cover retainer and that folds over the bumper cover to connect the bumper cover to the bumper cover retainer.