The invention obtains a controller and a control method capable of appropriately assisting with an operation by a driver while preventing a motorcycle from falling over. In the controller and the control method according to the invention, in a control mode to make the motorcycle perform an automatic cruise deceleration operation, automatic deceleration that is deceleration of the motorcycle generated by the automatic cruise deceleration operation is controlled in accordance with a lean angle of the motorcycle.

A physical exercise apparatus includes a frame equipped with a crankset and a saddle. The saddle includes a chassis fastened to the frame, two saddle parts, and articulation members for articulating each saddle part relative to the frame around a pitch axis, a roll axis, and a yaw axis. The apparatus includes sensors for detecting a pitch movement, a roll movement, and a yaw movement of each saddle part respectively about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes, these movements resulting from pedaling made by a user. At least one calculation unit determines, from output signals of the sensors, angular amplitudes of the pitch, roll, and yaw movements. At least one screen is provided in order to display, depending on the angular amplitudes determined by the calculation unit, the position on each saddle part of a bearing point of an ischium of a user in the process of pedaling.

A leaning-vehicle-traveling-state-data-output device includes a physical-quantity-data acquirer configured to acquire physical quantity data concerning a behavior of a leaning vehicle, a vehicle-traveling-state-data generator configured to generate vehicle-traveling-state data based on the physical quantity data and a vehicle-traveling-state-data-output controller configured to output the vehicle-traveling-state data. The vehicle-traveling-state-data generator generates vehicle-traveling-state data of the leaning vehicle in each of sections based on physical quantity data, the sections being obtained by dividing, into a plurality of sections, a single corner on which the leaning vehicle turns while leaning to perform a yaw motion continuously in an identical direction, the physical quantity data being acquired by the physical-quantity-data acquirer and concerning a behavior of the leaning vehicle while the leaning vehicle turns left on the corner while leaning leftward or turns right on the corner while leaning rightward.

A body posture detection device comprises: a correction value calculation unit that sequentially calculates a correction value for estimating a roll angle of a vehicle body on the basis of a variable correction coefficient set according to a determination of a state determination unit and detection values of a speed sensor and a detection unit; and a roll angle estimation value calculation unit that calculates an estimation value of a current roll angle of the vehicle body by integrating a value obtained by correcting an estimation value of a roll angular velocity on the basis of the correction value. The correction value calculation unit sets the variable correction coefficient so as to reduce the correction value when the parameter exceeds a threshold.

A straddle type vehicle has a rear detection unit configured to detect an object in a detection region behind a vehicle, and a notification unit configured to notify a driver when the object is detected by the rear detection unit. The straddle type vehicle comprises: an acquisition unit configured to acquire travel information of the straddle type vehicle; an identification unit configured to identify a turning direction and a turning radius of the straddle type vehicle on the basis of the travel information; and a change unit configured to change straight-ahead-travel detection region settings for the rear detection unit on the basis of the turning direction and turning radius.

A tilt control system for a sidecar and a motorcycle. The tilt control system can include a main frame, a tilting frame, and an actuator. The actuator can be coupled to the main frame and to the tilting frame, and can be configured to control tilting of the tilting frame relative to the main frame. The tilt control system can include a sensor, and a controller in communication with the actuator and the sensor. The controller can be configured to determine an operating parameter based on sensor data received from the sensor, compare the operating parameter to a threshold criteria, and cause the actuator to control the orientation of the tilting frame relative to main frame, based on the comparison of the operating parameter to the threshold criteria.

An auxiliary wheel system for a scooter includes an auxiliary wheel, an arm, an drive assembly, and an operation module. The arm has a first end fixed to the auxiliary wheel, and a second end pivotally fixed to a frame of the scooter via a joint attached at the second end. The drive assembly is configured to pivot the arm about the joint between a raised position and a lowered position with respect to the frame wherein the auxiliary wheel is vertically offset from a ground surface and in the lowered position. The operation module is configured to cause the arm to pivot about the joint between the raised position and the lowered position based on a tilt of the frame with respect to the ground surface exceeding a threshold value.

An electric motor-assisted bicycle includes a vehicle body motion sensor to detect a change in an attitude of a vehicle body relative to a road surface, a torque sensor to detect a pedal force on a pedal, a motor to generate an assist force to be added to the pedal force, a motor controller configured or programmed to control the assist force applied by the motor depending on the pedal force, and a sharp-curve-traveling detector to detect that the electric motor-assisted bicycle is traveling along a sharp curve with the vehicle body tilted relative to its upright state to the left or the right. The motor controller is configured or programmed to control the assist force depending on the detection result from the sharp-curve-traveling detector.

An electronic bicycle includes a torque control system that controls what torque is applied to wheels of the electronic bicycle by electronic hub motors. The torque control system may determine a torque to apply to the wheels based on user input signals. The torque control system also may detect when the wheels of the electronic bicycle are slipping, and adjust the torque to minimize the time that the wheel is slipping. Additionally, the torque control system may determine a coefficient of friction between the wheels and the ground and determine a maximum torque to apply to the wheels based on the coefficient of friction. Furthermore, when braking, the torque control system may determine whether torque is applied to the wheels by passive braking or by active braking.

An electronic bicycle includes a torque control system that controls what torque is applied to wheels of the electronic bicycle by electronic hub motors. The torque control system may determine a torque to apply to the wheels based on user input signals. The torque control system also may detect when the wheels of the electronic bicycle are slipping, and adjust the torque to minimize the time that the wheel is slipping. Additionally, the torque control system may determine a coefficient of friction between the wheels and the ground and determine a maximum torque to apply to the wheels based on the coefficient of friction. Furthermore, when braking, the torque control system may determine whether torque is applied to the wheels by passive braking or by active braking.