This disclosure describes methods for forming cell-based-meat products that mimic cuts of slaughtered meat. Generally, the disclosed method comprises forming a cell mass into primary structures, including fibers and/or sheets. A toughening agent is applied to the exterior surfaces of the primary structures, and the primary structures are arranged to mimic structures in a target slaughtered meat. The toughening agent creates a textural contrast that, during consumption, is like the textural contrast experienced when biting through bundles of meat fibers in slaughtered meat.

Edible food protein products derived from insects, such as edible textured insect proteins, insect protein concentrates and insect whey protein concentrates, and processes to produce those products, are described. For example, described is a process for producing an edible protein product derived from at least one insect that comprises: processing the at least one insect to produce an insect milk by combining the at least one insect with an extraction buffer solution containing at least one of a monovalent salt, a divalent salt and a phosphate salt, and reducing the at least one insect into a plurality of insect particles of a desired particle size; adjusting a pH level of the insect milk; and heating the insect milk is to coagulate the insect milk to form whey and at least one curd. In some embodiments, the insect protein concentrates and insect whey protein concentrates are in powder form.

Edible food protein products derived from insects, such as edible textured insect proteins, insect protein concentrates and insect whey protein concentrates, and processes to produce those products, are described. For example, described is a process for producing an edible protein product derived from at least one insect that comprises: processing the at least one insect to produce an insect milk by combining the at least one insect with an extraction buffer solution containing at least one of a monovalent salt, a divalent salt and a phosphate salt, and reducing the at least one insect into a plurality of insect particles of a desired particle size; adjusting a pH level of the insect milk; and heating the insect milk is to coagulate the insect milk to form whey and at least one curd. In some embodiments, the insect protein concentrates and insect whey protein concentrates are in powder form.

An edible fiber contains a biopolymer and a plasticiser. A weight ratio of the biopolymer to the plasticiser is about 1:0.25 to about 1:3. The fiber has a diameter of about 0.5 ?m to about 1 mm.

An edible fiber contains a biopolymer and a plasticiser. A weight ratio of the biopolymer to the plasticiser is about 1:0.25 to about 1:3. The fiber has a diameter of about 0.5 ?m to about 1 mm.

Provided is a pseudo-meat food product that causes little environmental impact, uses a highly nutritious hemp protein source, and can provide a flavor and texture similar to those of natural meat when chewed. This pseudo-meat food product contains a vegetable protein source as a main raw material. The vegetable protein source comprises a mixture of a hemp protein source comprising hemp seeds and/or hemp nuts and quinoa powder mixed at a predetermined ratio relative to the hemp protein source.

Provided is a pseudo-meat food product that causes little environmental impact, uses a highly nutritious hemp protein source, and can provide a flavor and texture similar to those of natural meat when chewed. This pseudo-meat food product contains a vegetable protein source as a main raw material. The vegetable protein source comprises a mixture of a hemp protein source comprising hemp seeds and/or hemp nuts and quinoa powder mixed at a predetermined ratio relative to the hemp protein source.

There is provided a system for creating a fibre, the system comprising, a first tube having a first tube outlet for dispensing a first liquid composition at a first dispensing rate; a second tube having a second tube outlet for dispensing a second liquid composition at a second dispensing rate; and a rotatable collector for applying a drawing force to draw and collect the fibre, said rotatable collector being configured to rotate about its longitudinal axis that is aligned substantially parallel to a horizontal plane; wherein the first tube is positioned in proximity with respect to the second tube to allow the first liquid composition from the first tube outlet and the second liquid composition from the second tube outlet to form an interfacial polyelectrolyte complex where a fibre is to be drawn therefrom.

There is provided a system for creating a fibre, the system comprising, a first tube having a first tube outlet for dispensing a first liquid composition at a first dispensing rate; a second tube having a second tube outlet for dispensing a second liquid composition at a second dispensing rate; and a rotatable collector for applying a drawing force to draw and collect the fibre, said rotatable collector being configured to rotate about its longitudinal axis that is aligned substantially parallel to a horizontal plane; wherein the first tube is positioned in proximity with respect to the second tube to allow the first liquid composition from the first tube outlet and the second liquid composition from the second tube outlet to form an interfacial polyelectrolyte complex where a fibre is to be drawn therefrom.

The present disclosure provides extruded or spun, semi-permeable, porous hollow fibres, comprising covalent ester, thioester and/or amide crosslinked polypeptides as well as processes for their production. The hollow fibres may be produced from protein, protein extracts, and/or protein isolates derived from plants, animals, bacteria, algae, archaea, and/or fungi, and in certain embodiments are intended to be suitable for human and/or animal ingestion. In some embodiments, the hollow fibres may be designed to be used in the production of cartridges that are compatible with existing and/or novel bioreactor platforms, for harbouring cell cultures in cultured meat production.