A flavor composition comprising at least one compound that modulates, increases and/or enhances the activity of a GPR120 fatty acid receptor that can be used to enhance the fatty acid taste and/or palatability of pet food products is described herein. Also disclosed herein are methods for identifying said compounds.

Provided is a method of treating a disease caused by a nidovirus that encodes Nsp15, such as a coronavirus, an arterivirus, or a torovirus, in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an active agent selected from 3′-uridylic acid, 5′-uridylic acid, citrate, methacycline, meclocycline sulfosalicylate, mitoxantrone, epirubicin hydrochloride, daunorubicin hydrochloride, sorafenib, sunitinib malate, primaquine diphosphate, closantel, isopropyl ester of N4-hydroxycytidine, GpU dinucleotide or derivatives thereof, and tipiracil or N-substituted derivatives thereof. Further provided are a method of inhibiting an Nsp15 endoribonuclease of a nidovirus that encodes Nsp15 and compounds of formulas (I′) and (II′).

Provided are methods for inhibiting immune responses against microbial antigens. In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition containing a plurality of plant-derived exosome-like particles to inhibit immune esponses against microbial antigens. Also provided are methods for inhibiting development of septic shock in subjects, for inhibiting development of cytokine storm in subjects, and for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathogenic effect. Also provided are compositions that include an exosome-derived nanoparticle comprising a first lipid bilayer and a second lipid bilayer coating the exosome-like nanoparticle and/or fused with the first lipid bilayer, wherein the second lipid bilayer comprises a targeting molecule, and methods for using the compositions to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions and/or to target a therapeutic agent to a cell, tissue, and/or organ of interest.

The present invention relates to a function of PHF20 (PHD finger protein 20) in a myogenic differentiation mechanism and, more particularly, to a use of a PHF20 gene expression inhibitor or a PHF20 protein activity inhibitor. The PHF20 gene expression inhibitor or the PHF20 protein activity inhibitor according to the present invention promotes muscle differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and thus can be utilized in various ways in the field of prevention, improvement or treatment of diseases caused by muscle loss.

The present invention relates to a function of PHF20 (PHD finger protein 20) in a myogenic differentiation mechanism and, more particularly, to a use of a PHF20 gene expression inhibitor or a PHF20 protein activity inhibitor. The PHF20 gene expression inhibitor or the PHF20 protein activity inhibitor according to the present invention promotes muscle differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and thus can be utilized in various ways in the field of prevention, improvement or treatment of diseases caused by muscle loss.

Methods of identifying a dog as having deficient nucleic base salvage and methods of identifying a dog as being at an elevated risk and increased likelihood of developing immune dysfunction are disclosed. Methods of treating a dog to prevent, delay onset of or reduce severity of symptoms of immune dysfunction in the dog and methods of treating a dog diagnosed with or suspected of having immune dysfunction are disclosed. Methods of treating a dog diagnosed with or suspected of having immune dysfunction are disclosed. The disclosed methods include performing a genetic analysis of the dog to detect the presence of 2 copies of major allele G for single nucleotide polymorphism Affx-205876096. Nutritionally complete and balanced dog food compositions are disclosed. The nutritionally complete and balanced dog food compositions comprise a therapeutic level of nucleotides.

A food product ingredient formed from a keratinous protein-containing material, e.g, feathers, and methods of making the same. The methods include cleaning the keratinous protein-containing material, combining the keratinous protein-containing material with a cereal bran to form a mixture, and hydrolyzing the mixture to form the food product ingredient. Optionally, of the keratinous protein-containing material is cleaned and/or frozen within 5 hours of collection. The methods generate fewer unpleasant odors, and food product ingredients produced by the method can similarly benefit. The food product ingredient may be incorporated into a food product, such as a pet food product.

The present invention relates to immune-stimulating compositions comprising an immunestimulating compound covalently or non-convalently linked to glycogen-based nanoparticles. The immune stimulating compound may be a TLR agonist, dietary nucleotide, or combination thereof. The compositions can elicit a stronger, more robust, localized (intestine) and systemic immune response when delivered orally to aquatic species, than non-glycogen bound agonists and/or molecules.

The present invention relates to immune-stimulating compositions comprising an immunestimulating compound covalently or non-convalently linked to glycogen-based nanoparticles. The immune stimulating compound may be a TLR agonist, dietary nucleotide, or combination thereof. The compositions can elicit a stronger, more robust, localized (intestine) and systemic immune response when delivered orally to aquatic species, than non-glycogen bound agonists and/or molecules.

Provided herein are agents, compositions, and methods for agricultural use, e.g., for altering the level, activity, or metabolism of one or more microorganisms resident in a host nematode or arthropod (e.g., honeybee or silkworm), the alteration resulting in an increase in the fitness of the host. The invention features a composition that includes an agent (e.g., phage, peptide, small molecule, antibiotic, or combinations thereof) that can alter the host's microbiota in a manner that is beneficial to the host. By promoting favorable microbial levels, microbial activity, microbial metabolism, and/or microbial diversity, the agents described herein may be used to increase the fitness of a variety of beneficial nematodes or arthropods, such as bees and silkworms, utilized in agriculture and commerce.