The present invention provides subsurface irrigation systems and air injection mechanism and microbubble generating mechanism. The systems of the present invention are operable to provide an evenly distributed air microbubbles in a stream of fluid (e.g., subsurface irrigation water) to evenly provide gas therein (e.g., oxygen for plants receiving the irrigation water along an entire length of an irrigation line). The microbubble generating mechanism may use pressure generated from flow of fluid to cavitate the fluid and thereby distribute gas microbubbles in the fluid. In irrigation examples, the resulting air infused water delivers an effective amount of oxygen to the roots of the irrigation crops.

A method to prepare and dispense a N.sub.2 or N.sub.2/CO.sub.2 gas infused chilled beverage is provided. The gas infused beverage is obtained by mixing a beverage concentrate with N.sub.2 or N.sub.2/CO.sub.2 gas infused water under positive pressure and dispensing the prepared beverage through a slow pour faucet. The beverage may be any non-carbonated liquid and in one embodiment the beverage is coffee. The dispensed N.sub.2 or N.sub.2/CO.sub.2 gas infused chilled coffee has a unique appearance and enhanced flavor and aroma.

A beverage gasification system for concurrently extracting solid particulates from a solution of a liquid and a gas and increasing absorption of the gas into the liquid, in which a particle separator is located downstream of a gas supply assembly. A method of forming a clarified gasified beverage is also disclosed, in which gas is injected into the liquid at a location upstream of the point at which solids are removed from the liquid.

A system for creating an aerated food product, whereby a decreased electrical and thermal load may be obtained is disclosed. Furthermore, a method of producing an aerated food product comprising the steps of separately preparing a first food product portion and a second food product portion, transferring the first food product portion to a first aseptic surge tank, transferring the second food product portion to a second aseptic surge tank, mixing a combination of the first food product portion and the second food product portion to create a mixed food product, aerating the mixed food product to create the aerated food product, and dispensing the aerated food product from a filling apparatus into a container is also disclosed. An aerated food product is also disclosed.

A system and method to prepare and dispense a N.sub.2 or N.sub.2/CO.sub.2 gas infused chilled beverage is provided. The gas infused beverage is obtained by mixing a beverage concentrate with N.sub.2 or N.sub.2/CO.sub.2 gas infused water under positive pressure and dispensing the prepared beverage through a slow pour faucet. The beverage may be any non-carbonated liquid and in one embodiment the beverage is coffee. The dispensed N.sub.2 or N.sub.2/CO.sub.2 gas infused chilled coffee has a unique appearance and enhanced flavor and aroma. The system may be provided as a self-contained unit.

A bag assembly for use with a heat exchanger includes a flexible bag having of one or more sheets of polymeric material, the bag having a first end that bounds a first compartment and an opposing second end that bounds a second compartment, a support structure being disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment so that the first compartment is separated and isolated from the second compartment. A first inlet port, a first outlet port, and a first drain port are coupled with the flexible bag so as to communicate with the first compartment. A second inlet port, a second outlet port, and a second drain port are coupled with the flexible bag so as to communicate with the second compartment.

A discharge system includes a mixing vessel and a feedstock input in fluid communication with the mixing vessel. A solvent input is in fluid communication with the mixing vessel. A discharge output is in fluid communication with an outlet of the mixing vessel to discharge effluent. A method for generating turbulence on a liquid surface within a discharge system includes supplying a mixing vessel with feedstock fluid and solvent fluid to generate a liquid mixture and a gas pocket in the mixing vessel. The method includes supplying an impinging solvent fluid through a nozzle extending from a first end of the mixing vessel to generate a roiling surface at an interface between the gas pocket and the liquid mixture and permit uptake of gas from the gas pocket into the liquid mixture.

A system for creating an aerated food product, whereby a decreased electrical and thermal load may be obtained is disclosed. Furthermore, a method of producing an aerated food product comprising the steps of separately preparing a first food product portion and a second food product portion, transferring the first food product portion to a first aseptic surge tank, transferring the second food product portion to a second aseptic surge tank, mixing a combination of the first food product portion and the second food product portion to create a mixed food product, aerating the mixed food product to create the aerated food product, and dispensing the aerated food product from a filling apparatus into a container is also disclosed. An aerated food product is also disclosed.

A gas injection system for injecting a gas into a liquid to form a solution includes a flow channel that conveys a liquid from an upstream inlet configured to receive the liquid and a downstream outlet configured to dispense the solution, sparger positioned in the flow channel, a solution pressure detection device configured to sense a pressure of the solution in the flow channel, and a liquid valve configured to regulate flow of the liquid in the flow channel based on the pressure sensed by the solution pressure detection device. The sparger is configured to inject the gas into the liquid through the porous surface as the liquid flows across the surface.

A low acid beverage product such as e.g. coffee, cold brew coffee or nitro cold brew coffee product that is shelf stable for 180 days at refrigerated conditions including a sealed container having a liquid portion and a headspace. The liquid portion has the beverage with oxygen dissolved therein. A method of manufacturing the beverage includes dissolving oxygen and into a cold beverage and packaging the liquid beverage product with oxygen dissolved therein into a sealed container. The liquid beverage product also includes flavorings or sweeteners or milk products in the sealed container and remains free from Clostridium botulinum (C. bot).