A mixing apparatus for mixing a precursor substance of a reducing agent with exhaust gas, having a housing that provides a mixing chamber and a silencer. The housing inlet side has an inlet connection for exhaust gas and an outlet side having an outlet connection for reducing agent intermixed with the exhaust gas to be discharged. Longitudinal axes of the inlet and outlet connections are offset and parallel relative to one another. An introduction device introduces a precursor substance of the reducing agent and is positioned at the inlet side in a region of the outlet connection longitudinal axis. A length of the housing between the inlet and outlet side at least 1.9 to 7 times a diameter of the inlet connection. A width of the housing is maximally 3 times the diameter of the inlet connection.

A chemical treatment apparatus for diluting and activating a polymeric material can include a mixing chamber having a first end, a second end, a first baffle plate positioned between the first end and second end, a high shear mixing zone positioned between the first end of the mixing chamber and the first baffle plate, and a low shear mixing zone positioned downstream from the high shear agitation zone between the second end of the mixing chamber and the first baffle plate. The volume ratio of the high shear mixing zone to the low shear mixing zone can be in the range of 1:2 to 1:10. A method and system for diluting and activating polymeric materials are also disclosed.

Herein are provided tools and processes for extracting oil from subterranean formation. The processes can include lightening the oil in the formation prior to extraction by the addition of a nanogas solution. The tools include injectors for the formation of the nanogas solution within the subterranean formation.

A portable unit for treating potable water in municipal and similar water lines to reduce and remove undesirable disinfectant byproducts such as trihalomethanes. The unit has a housing with water and air inlet and outlet arrangements. The water inlet arraignment is connectable to the municipal water line to deliver water into the housing where it is sprayed substantially horizontally into the housing along a duct through a splash screen and up against a splash plate. The splash plate redirects the water spray laterally outwardly, rearwardly, and downwardly onto an inclined ramp that guides the water downwardly into the lower part of the housing where it is collected or held until it is pumped back into the municipal water line. In operation, the THM treatment unit is self regulating based on fluctuating downstream water demand and beneficially operates in at least two modes automatically to meet the demand and safety considerations.

A static mixer device comprising a housing having a proximal end, a distal end, and an opening extending between the proximal and distal ends. In certain embodiments, a plurality of metal frits is positioned within the opening of the housing, each of the metal frits extending across a cross-sectional dimension of the opening and having interconnected porosity. In other embodiments, one or more mixer elements fabricated using laser additive manufacturing technology and having novel configurations are positioned within the opening of the housing. In yet other embodiments, the housing comprises multiple openings having different diameters from each other, with each opening either extending through the housing with a constant diameter or with one or more of the openings having a varying diameter.

A portable unit for treating potable water in municipal and similar water lines to reduce and remove undesirable disinfectant byproducts such as trihalomethanes. The unit has a housing with water and air inlet and outlet arrangements. The water inlet arraignment is connectable to the municipal water line to deliver water into the housing where it is sprayed substantially horizontally into the housing along a duct through a splash screen and up against a splash plate. The splash plate redirects the water spray laterally outwardly, rearwardly, and downwardly onto an inclined ramp that guides the water downwardly into the lower part of the housing where it is collected or held until it is pumped back into the municipal water line. In operation, the THM treatment unit is self regulating based on fluctuating downstream water demand and beneficially operates in at least two modes automatically to meet the demand and safety considerations.

A chemical treatment apparatus for diluting and activating a polymeric material can include a mixing chamber having a first end, a second end, a first baffle plate positioned between the first end and second end, a high shear mixing zone positioned between the first end of the mixing chamber and the first baffle plate, and a low shear mixing zone positioned downstream from the high shear agitation zone between the second end of the mixing chamber and the first baffle plate. The volume ratio of the high shear mixing zone to the low shear mixing zone can be in the range of 1:2 to 1:10. A method and system for diluting and activating polymeric materials are also disclosed.

Apparatuses and methods that reduce cavitation in interaction chambers are described herein. In an embodiment, an interaction chamber for a fluid processor or fluid homogenizer includes an inlet chamber having an inlet hole and a bottom end, an outlet chamber having an outlet hole and a top end, a microchannel placing the inlet hole in fluid communication with the outlet hole, wherein an entrance to the microchannel from the inlet chamber is offset a distance from the bottom end, and at least one of: (i) a tapered fillet located on a side wall of the microchannel at the microchannel entrance; (ii) a side wall of the microchannel converging inwardly from the inlet chamber to the outlet chamber; (iii) a top wall and/or bottom wall of the microchannel angled from the inlet chamber to the outlet chamber; and (iv) a top fillet that extends around a diameter of inlet chamber.

An exhaust gas aftertreatment device for a combustion engine includes an exhaust gas guide element that includes a dosage device for introducing a reduction agent into the guide element at a feed point and at least one interference element arranged upstream of the feed point, that introduces turbulences into the exhaust gas flow that is intermixed with the reduction agent. The guide element also includes a first guide portion, through which exhaust gas flows in a first flow direction, and a second guide portion, through which exhaust gas flows in a second flow direction that is opposite to the first flow direction. The first and second guide portions are fluidically connected with each other via a third guide portion, which redirects the exhaust gas from the first flow direction into the second flow direction. The feed point and the interference element are arranged in the third guide portion.

A microfluidic chip is disclosed. According to an embodiment, a microfluidic chip including an inlet part in which a first inlet is provided into which a first fluid is injected; a middle part in which a first flow path is provided in which the first fluid can flow, wherein on the first flow path, a raw material storage part may be provided for storing a mixed raw material which can be mixed with the first fluid.