Methods and systems are disclosed for selectively removing naturally-occurring sugars in beverages in an effective, affordable and scalable manner.

A composite comprising a hydroxyapatite and at least one additive which is present during hydroxyapatite synthesis. The additive may be embedded or incorporated into or coated onto the hydroxyapatite. The additive preferably increases the hydroxyapatite porosity, e.g., providing a higher pore volume and/or BET surface area than a hydroxyapatite material without additive. The additive preferably comprises an activated carbon, chitosan, hopcalite, clays, zeolites, sulfur, and/or a metal such as Al, Sn, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cu, Zr, La, Ce, in the form of metal, salt, oxide, oxyhydroxide, and/or hydroxide. The hydroxyapatite may be calcium-deficient. The composite is in the form of particles having a D50 of at least 20 m, a BET surface area of at least 120 m.sup.2/g; and/or a total pore volume of at least 0.3 cm.sup.3/g. An adsorbent material comprising a composite or a blend of composite with a hydroxyapatite without additive, and its use for removal of contaminants such as Hg, Se, As, and/or B from an effluent.

The present invention relates to a superior carbon adsorbent with or without a core. In one embodiment the carbon adsorbent of the present invention employs carbon adsorbent powder and an organic binding agent which are combined together with an appropriate solvent in an agglomeration step. In another embodiment the invention contemplates a core-in-shell adsorbent comprising an outer shell composed of a carbon and a non-adsorbing inert inner core. Low temperature processing of these agglomerates substantially preserves the binding agent within the final composition and allows one to prepare adsorbent products of high sphericity. The adsorbents of the invention possess superior characteristics such as higher mass transfer rate and CO.sub.2 working capacity for use in a H.sub.2PSA process.

Sorbent materials that are treated with ions, salts, oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates of calcium, magnesium, strontium, or barium are useful in removing perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), 2,3,3,3,-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate and heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, and similar compounds from liquids and gases are disclosed. The sorbent materials with the disclosed treatments offer improved performance as measured against untreated sorbent materials.

An adsorption device for compressed gas, is provided with a vessel with an inlet for the supply of a compressed gas to be treated, and an outlet for treated gas and an adsorption element is affixed in the vessel. The adsorption element extends along the flow direction of the compressed gas to be treated, between the inlet and the outlet. The adsorption element has a monolithic supporting structure that is at least partially provided with a coating that contains an adsorbent.

Hydrogenation catalysts for aromatic hydrogenation including an organosilica material support, which is a polymer comprising independent units of a monomer of Formula [Z.sup.1OZ.sup.2OSiCH.sub.2].sub.3 (I), wherein each Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group or a bond to a silicon atom of another monomer; and at least one catalyst metal are provided herein. Methods of making the hydrogenation catalysts and processes of using, e.g., aromatic hydrogenation, the hydrogenation catalyst are also provided herein.

The present invention relates generally to an attrition resistant core-in-shell composite adsorbent comprising at least a zeolite-containing CO.sub.2 removal adsorbent and a binder on an inert dense core. The attrition resistant core-in-shell composite adsorbent has an attrition loss of less than about 2 wt %. The core-in-shell composite adsorbent is preferably used in a multi-layered adsorption system in a cyclic adsorption process, preferably used in a PSA prepurification process prior to cryogenic air separation.

One object of the present invention is to provide a zeolite membrane that can achieve both practically sufficient separation performance and throughput and maintain the separation performance stably for a long period. Provided is a method of producing a zeolite membrane having CHA crystal structure on an intermediate layer of a porous support, wherein Si/Al (a molar ratio) of CHA zeolite particles is from 9.5 to 100.5 and, in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by applying X-ray onto a surface of the zeolite membrane, a peak intensity near 2=18 is less than 0.5 times a peak intensity near 2=21, and/or a peak intensity near 2=10 is less than 4 times a peak intensity near 2=21, the method including: forming the zeolite membrane having the CHA crystal structure on the intermediate layer of the porous support by hydrothermal synthesis, using an aqueous reaction mixture including a Si element source, an Al element source, an alkali source, and an organic template, wherein non-dealuminated FAU zeolite is used as the Si element source and the Al element source.

Methods for fabricating a membrane with an organosilica material which is a polymer comprising independent units of Formula [Z.sup.3Z.sup.4SiCH.sub.2].sub.3 (I), wherein each Z.sup.3 represents a hydroxyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy group or an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom of another unit or an active site on the support and each Z.sup.4 represents a hydroxyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group, an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom of another unit or an active site on the support are provided. Methods of removing a contaminant from a hydrocarbon stream are also provided.

Organosilica materials, which are a polymer of at least one independent monomer of Formula [Z.sup.1OZ.sup.2OSiCH.sub.2].sub.3 (I), wherein each Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl group or a bond to a silicon atom of another monomer and at least one other trivalent metal oxide monomer are provided herein. Methods of preparing and processes of using the organosilica materials, e.g., for catalysis etc., are also provided herein.