An anion-conducting polymeric membrane comprises vinylbenzyl-R.sub.s and a substituted ethene. R.sub.s is a positively charged cyclic amine group. The total weight of the vinylbenzyl-R.sub.s groups is greater than 15% of the total weight of the membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is a Helper Membrane that increases the faradaic efficiency of an electrochemical cell into which the membrane is incorporated, and also allows product formation at lower voltages than in cells without the Helper Membrane.

A synthetic method and catalyst for preparing 3-(3-oxo-2-pentyl)cyclopentyl dimethyl malonate are disclosed. The synthetic method uses 2-pentyl-2-cyclopentenone and dimethyl malonate as raw materials, and reacts them in the presence of a catalyst to prepare 3-(3-oxo-2-pentyl)cyclopentyl dimethyl malonate, the catalyst is a basic ionic liquid, the pH value of the basic ionic liquid is greater than or equal to 10, and the catalyst is prepared by a method comprising the steps of: mixing the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound with an aliphatic carboxylate or hydroxyl aliphatic carboxylate or fluorophosphate under stirring. The synthetic method is environmentally friendly, stable in reaction and low-cost, and the conversion of 2-pentyl-2-cyclopentenone is significantly improved due to the use of the above-mentioned basic ionic liquid as catalyst.

The present invention relates to a monomer composition for synthesizing recycled plastic which comprises an aromatic diol compound, wherein a ratio of aromatic diol compound derivative impurity according to Equation 1 is 0.5% or less, wherein the aromatic diol compound has a purity of 99.25% or more, and the monomer composition for synthesizing recycled plastic is recovered from a polycarbonate-based resin, a preparation method thereof, and a recycled plastic, and molded product using the same.

A method of controlling a hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The method involves introducing a reactant into a reaction zone containing an ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction zone has at least two zones. The mass transfer resistance in the second zone is greater than the mass transfer resistance in the first zone.

A method of controlling a hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The method involves introducing a reactant into a reaction zone containing an ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction zone has at least two zones. The mass transfer resistance in the second zone is greater than the mass transfer resistance in the first zone.

The invention relates to a process for preparing alkanolamines, useful in the removal of CO.sub.2 and/or H.sub.2S from a CO.sub.2 and/or H.sub.2S containing gaseous stream, wherein the preparation of the alkanolamines is conducted using specifically selected ionic liquids under specifically selected reaction conditions.

There is provided an optical wavelength conversion element with a good temporal stability and such a high optical wavelength conversion efficiency that the element is viable even under sunlight or similar, low intensity light. Owing to these properties, the element is suited for use in solar cells, photocatalysts, photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen generating devices, photon upconversion filters, and like articles. The optical wavelength conversion element is visually homogeneous and transparent and produced by dissolving and/or dispersing in an ionic liquid (C) a combination of organic photosensitizing molecules (A) and organic light-emitting molecules (B) that exhibits triplet-triplet annihilation. The organic photosensitizing molecules (A) have either an only one local maximum absorption wavelength or a plurality of local maximum absorption wavelengths, and either the single local maximum absorption wavelength or a maximum one of the plurality of local maximum absorption wavelengths is from 250 nm to 499 nm.

The present disclosure provides a process for regenerating the deactivated ionic compound. The process involves mixing a deactivated ionic compound with at least one solvent such as ethyl acetate and neutralizing with at least one base such as triethylamine and tert-butyl amine to obtain a precipitate. The obtained precipitate is filtered to obtain a residue which is then washed with a solvent such as dichloromethane to obtain the ionic compound.

The present invention discloses a process for depolymerization of lignin to yield substituted phenolic monomers using Brnsted ionic liquid as catalyst under mild reaction conditions to obtain an overall yield of monomers up to 97%.