Process for regenerating ionic compound

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a process for regenerating the deactivated ionic compound. The process involves mixing a deactivated ionic compound with at least one solvent such as ethyl acetate and neutralizing with at least one base such as triethylamine and tert-butyl amine to obtain a precipitate. The obtained precipitate is filtered to obtain a residue which is then washed with a solvent such as dichloromethane to obtain the ionic compound.

Claims

1. A process for regenerating an ionic compound selected from the group consisting of ionic compound of Formula A and ionic compound of Formula B from an adduct of ionic compound of Formula A or B, conjunct polymers and at least one metal chloride, ##STR00003## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently alkyl group and X is a halogen; said process comprising the following steps: a) adding ethyl acetate to said adduct to dissolve the conjunct polymers in ethyl acetate and incorporating at least a base to form a solid complex of the ionic compound of Formula A or B, the metal chloride and the base; b) filtering said complex to separate a complex residue and ethyl acetate containing conjunct polymers; and c) washing at least once said complex residue with dichlorormethane to obtain the ionic compound of formula A or B and an adduct of metal chloride and the base.

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the halogen is selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine.

4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal chloride is aluminium trichloride.

5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein base is selected from the group consisting of triethylamine, tert-butyl amine, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and combinations.

6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (a) is carried out at a temperature ranging from 20 C. to 50 C.

7. The process as claimed in claim 1, include steps of recovering and recycling of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane.

8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (a) includes adjusting the pH value in the range of 7 to 7.5.

9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recovery of the ionic compound ranges from 60 to 99%.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates the process of the present disclosure for regenerating ionic compound.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(2) The present disclosure provides regeneration of deactivated or exhausted ionic compound in a simple and an effective manner.

(3) The deactivated or exhausted ionic compound is typically contaminated with conjunct polymers. The process of regeneration of ionic compound mainly involves mixing a deactivated ionic compound with at least one solvent such as ethyl acetate and neutralizing with at least one base to obtain a precipitate. The obtained precipitate is filtered to obtain a residue which is then washed with a solvent such as dichloromethane to obtain the ionic compound.

(4) The present disclosure focused on utilization of two solvent systems. In accordance with the present disclosure the first solvent employed includes but is not limited to ethyl acetate which dilutes the deactivated ionic compound and dissolves the conjunct polymer. However, the ionic compound is found to be not soluble in the first solvent. The present disclosure further utilizes specific organic bases such as triethylamine, tert-butyl amine, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and combinations to neutralize the ionic compound and form a complex of ionic compound and metal chloride with the base.

(5) The conjunct polymers dissolved in ethyl acetate are removed by filtration. The ionic compound is isolated from the complex by washing with another solvent, namely dichloromethane. The base-metal chloride adduct is formed as a by-product which can be utilized for other applications. Alternatively, metal chloride can be further separated from the adduct.

(6) It is found that the combination of two different solvents is essential to obtain the ionic compound from the deactivated ionic compound. Further, it is also found that the use of strong bases such as NaOH and KOH precipitates metal e.g. aluminium is precipitated as Al(OH).sub.3 with liberation of HCl and it is difficult to recover aluminium trichloride. Thus, the process becomes inefficient and uneconomic.

(7) In one embodiment the present disclosure provides a process for regenerating an compound selected from the group consisting of ionic compound of Formula A and ionic compound of Formula B from an adduct of ionic compound of Formula A or B, conjunct polymers and at least one metal chloride,

(8) ##STR00002## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently alkyl group and X is a halogen.

(9) In one embodiment, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl and halogen is selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine.

(10) The process involves the following steps:

(11) In the first step, ethyl acetate is added to the adduct in order to dissolve the conjunct polymers from the adduct in ethyl acetate and at least one base is incorporated to form a solid complex of the ionic compound of formula A or B and the metal chloride and the base. The step of forming a complex is carried out at a temperature ranging from 20 C. to 50 C. and it include adjusting the pH value in the range of 7 to 7.5. The base employed includes but is not limited to triethylamine, tert-butyl amine, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and combinations. In one embodiment, the metal chloride is aluminium trichloride.

(12) The obtained complex is filtered to separate a complex residue and ethyl acetate containing conjunct polymers.

(13) In the next step, the complex residue is washed at least once with dichlorormethane to obtain the ionic compound of formula A or B and an adduct of metal chloride and the base.

(14) The process of the present disclosure further includes steps of recovering and recycling of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane.

(15) The present disclosure the process is illustrated with the help of non-limiting accompanying drawing (FIG. 1) wherein,

(16) (102) represents a pre-mixer, the pre-mixer can be either a stirred vessel or static mixer or jet mixer or pump mixer;

(17) (104) represents a neutralization reactor, the neutralization reactor can be a stirred tank reactor or a static mixer or a combination thereof;

(18) (106) represents a first filter, the filter (106) can be a centrifuge or pressure nutsche filter or agitated nutsche filter dryer or agitated thin film dryer;

(19) (108) represents an extractor, the extractor can be a simple stirred vessel or a counter current extractor;

(20) (110) represents a second filter, the filter (110) can be a centrifuge or pressure nutsche filter or agitated nutsche filter dryer or agitated thin film dryer;

(21) (112) represents a distillation column, the distillation column (112) can be a tray column or packed column or falling film evaporator;

(22) (114) represents an evaporator, the evaporator (114) can be single effect or multi-effect evaporator or falling film evaporator or agitated thin film evaporator or falling film evaporator followed by agitated thin film evaporator;

(23) (116) represents a neutralization reactor;

(24) (118) represents a third filter, the filter (118) can be a centrifuge or pressure nutsche filter or agitated nutsche filter dryer or agitated thin film dryer; and

(25) (120) represents a distillation column, the distillation can be a tray column or packed column or falling film evaporator.

(26) The process of the present disclosure is described hereinafter. Deactivated ionic compound is premixed with a first suitable solvent in a pre-mixer (102) to obtain a mixture. The suitable solvent used for mixing with deactivated ionic compound includes but is not limited to ethyl acetate

(27) The mixture is then transferred to a neutralization reactor (104) and a first suitable base is fed to the neutralization reactor (104) where the neutralization of ionic compound occurs. The neutralization of the mixture containing ionic compound is carried out at a temperature ranging between 20 C. and 50 C. The first base utilized for neutralizing the mixture includes but is not limited to triethylamine, tert-butyl amine, carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. During neutralization process the base-metal complex is precipitated. The reaction mass comprising the base-metal complex is filtered through a filter (106) wherein the reaction mass is separated into the residue and filtrate. The residue may be iteratively washed with a washing solvent to ensure the complete removal of conjunct polymer.

(28) The filtrate obtained after the filtration contains solvent and dissolved conjunct polymer which is subject to distillation in a distillation column (112) for recovery of solvent. The recovered solvent is then recycled for further use.

(29) The residue obtained after filtration is then extracted using a second suitable solvent in an extractor (108) and then filtered through a filter (110) to remove ionic compound to obtain a residue containing base-metal complex and a filtrate containing the second solvent and ionic compound. The residue is repeatedly washed with a washing solvent solvent to ensure that no traces of ionic compound are left in the residue. Though the washing solvent used for washing the residue can be different from the second solvent used for extraction, the use of same solvent for both extraction and washing would be appreciated for economic and process feasibility reasons. The filtrate containing solvent and ionic compound salt is fed to an evaporator (114) where the solvent is recovered. The recovered solvent then may be recycled into the process of the present disclosure, optionally, after further purification. The compound obtained after recovery of the solvent is a regenerated ionic compound.

(30) The residue containing base-metal complex is contacted with dilute methanolic solution of a second base in the neutralization reactor (116) wherein the complex reacts with the second base to give slurry containing metal hydroxide solids, base and methanol. The second base used for reacting with the base-metal complex is a strong base which includes but is not limited to sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The reaction of the complex with the second base is carried out a temperature in the range of 20 C. to 50 C. The slurry mass is then filtered through a filter (118) to separate the metal hydroxide solids and the first base. The filtrate obtained after filtration contains mixture of the first base and methanol which is then separated in column (120). The first base separated in column (120) may be then recycled for neutralization of the mixture containing deactivated ionic compound. The methanol separated may also be recycled and reused.

(31) The details of the disclosure will further be explained by the way of examples which do not limit the scope of the disclosure.

Example 1

(32) In this experiment, chloroaluminate based ionic compound was prepared which was deactivated by using it repeatedly for alkylation reaction and then the deactivated ionic compound was regenerated by a process of the present disclosure.

(33) Step i: Preparation of Chloroaluminate Ionic Compound with 1-Butyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Bromide [BMIM]Br

(34) The setup consisted of a 5 L three neck RB flask fitted with an overhead stirrer and placed in an ice bath at 0-5 C. The flask was clamped to provide stability under stirring. The whole assembly was kept under nitrogen atmosphere. 680 gm of [BMIM]Br was weighed and carefully charged into the flask through a funnel 830 gm of AlCl.sub.3 was weighed and added slowly into the flask with constant stirring. The charging of AlCl.sub.3 was completed in 1.5 hrs. The mixture was further stirred for 2 hrs to mix the raw materials properly. The final catalyst was kept under nitrogen conditions.

(35) Step ii: Deactivation of Ionic Compound Prepared in Step (i) by Using it Repeatedly for Alkylation Reaction

(36) 92 lit of olefin stream containing 10-15% C10 to C14 olefins and 36 lit of benzene were added into a 250 lit round bottom reactor kept inside a heating mantle. The agitator was started and heating coils were switched on. When the mixture attains the temperature of 45 C., 1.3 kg of the catalyst prepared in step (i) was charged and stirred for 10 mins. After 10 mins the hydrocarbon and catalyst layers were separated and the bottom catalyst layer was recycled back with the same quantities of fresh olefin stream and benzene.

(37) Step iii: Regeneration of Ionic Compound Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Triethylamine

(38) 209 gm of deactivated catalyst of chloroaluminate ionic compound with 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide (obtained in step ii) and 269.1 gm of ethyl acetate were charged into a 2 lit neutralization reactor (104) equipped with an overhead stirrer, the reactor is placed in a water bath maintained at 25-30 C. The mixture was stirred for 5 mins. Triethylamine is added slowly into the neutralization reactor until the pH of the reaction mass changes from acidic (pH: 1-2) to neutral (pH: 7-7.5). Approximately 192.13 gm of triethylamine was added over a time period of 1 hr. Once neutral pH was achieved, triethylamine addition was stopped and the reaction was further stirred for 45 mins. The reaction mass was kept without stirring for 1.5 hrs to allow the solids to settle at the bottom. The reaction mass was then transferred from the reactor to a nutsche filter (106) and filtered under vacuum. Residue was washed with 640.45 gm of ethyl acetate. The filtrate obtained from the nutsche filter (106) was charged into a distillation column (112) where ethyl acetate is separated as distillate at atmospheric conditions. The bottom residue contains 26 gm of conjunct polymer and hydrocarbon mixture.

(39) The residue obtained from the nutsche filter (106) was charged into an extractor (108) equipped with an overhead stirrer. To it, 532 gm of dichloromethane was added and stirred for 30 mins. The temperature was kept at 25-30 C. The slurry obtained from the extractor was charged into a nutsche filter (110) and filtered under vacuum. During filtration the residue was washed with 308 gm of dichloromethane. The filtrate (dichloromethane layer) obtained from the nutsche filter (110) was charged into an evaporation column (114) fitted with a horizontal condenser. The dichloromethane is recovered by distillation. 82.5 gm of residue containing was obtained which was analyzed for Br and Al content. The yield obtained was 78%.

(40) 274 gm of cake obtained from the filter (110) was charged into a neutralization reactor (116) followed by addition of 375 gm of 20% methanolic KOH solution and stirring for a time period of 30 mins to obtain slurry. The slurry was then filtered through a nutsche filter (118) under vacuum. The filtrate obtained was subjected to distillation column (120) to recover methanol as distillate and 180 gm of triethylamine (90% purity) as a bottom product, which can be further distilled in a separate column to get pure TEA.

Example 2

[BMIM]Br Recovery from the Fresh Catalyst by Neutralizing with Triethylamine

(41) In this experiment, ionic compound prepared in step (i) of experiment 1 was regenerated directly without being deactivating to study the efficiency of the process of the present disclosure.

(42) 10.0 gm of fresh catalyst obtained from step (i) of experiment 1 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 12.6 gm of triethylamine is added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained is filtered and ethyl acetate layer is separated. The solids obtained were washed with 200 ml dichloromethane in lot wise to extract [BMIM]Br from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained is distilled off to get 4 gm of [BMIM]Br salt. The yield obtain was 88%.

Example 3

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMIM]Br Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Sodium Carbonate

(43) The process used in this experiment is same as described in step (iii) of experiment 1 except that sodium carbonate solution is used instead of triethyl amine.

(44) 100 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of experiment 1 was charged into a 500 ml conical flask. Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution is prepared by mixing 133.3 gm of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and 350 ml water and kept a side. The Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution prepared was added slowly to the conical flask containing deactivated catalyst. Once the addition was complete, 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added to the flask and stirred for 1 hr and allowed to settle for 1 hr. The water and ethyl acetate layers were separated and water layer was subjected to distillation to give solid mixture. The solid mixture was washed with 75 ml of dichloromethane to extract [BMIM]Br and the dichloromethane layer obtained was distilled off to get 25 gm of [BMIM]Br salt. The ethyl acetate layer was distilled off to give 11 gm of conjunct polymer and organics. The [BMIM]Br salt obtained was analyzed for Br and Al content. The yield obtained was 62.5%.

Example 4

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMIM]Br Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Tert-Butylamine

(45) The process used in this experiment is same as described in step (iii) of experiment 1 except that tert-butylamine is used instead of triethyl amine.

(46) 10.19 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of experiment 1 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 25 ml of tert-butylamine was added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained was filtered, the ethyl acetate layer obtained after filtration contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 100 ml dichloromethane to extract [BMIM]Br from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained was distilled off to get 1.1 gm of [BMIM]Br salt.

Example 5

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMIM]Br Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Ammonia Solution

(47) The process used in this experiment is same as described in step (iii) of experiment 1 except that ammonia solution is used instead of triethyl amine.

(48) 10.09 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of experiment 1 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 4.25 gm of 25% NH.sub.3 solution was added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained was filtered. The ethyl acetate layer obtained after filtration contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 200 ml dichloromethane in lot wise to extract [BMIM]Br from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained was distilled off to get 1.1 gm of [BMIM]Br salt.

Example 6

(49) In this experiment, chloroaluminate based ionic compound was prepared which was deactivated by using it repeatedly for alkylation reaction and then the deactivated ionic compound was regenerated by a process of the present disclosure.

(50) Step i: Preparation of Chloroaluminate Ionic Compound with 1-Butyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Chloride [BMIM]Cl

(51) A setup consisting of a 5 L three neck RB flask fitted with an overhead stirrer was placed in an ice bath at 0-5 C. The flask was clamped to provide stability under stirring. The whole assembly was kept under nitrogen atmosphere. 542 gm of [BMIM]Cl was weighed and carefully charged into the flask through a funnel. 830 gm of AlCl.sub.3 was weighed and added slowly into the flask with constant stirring. The charging of AlCl.sub.3 was completed in 1.5 hrs. The mixture was further stirred for 2 hrs to mix the raw materials properly. The final catalyst (ionic compound) was kept under nitrogen conditions.

(52) Step ii: Deactivation of Ionic Compound Prepared in Step (i) by Using it Repeatedly for Alkylation Reaction

(53) 92 lit of olefin stream containing 10-15% of C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 olefins and 36 lit of benzene were added into a 250 lit round bottom reactor kept inside a heating mantle. The agitator was started and heating coils were switched on. When the mixture attains the temperature of 45 C., 1.3 kg of the catalyst prepared in step (i) was charged and stirred for 10 mins. After 10 mins the hydrocarbon and catalyst layers were separated and the bottom catalyst layer was recycled back with the same quantities of fresh olefin stream and benzene.

(54) Step iii: Regeneration of Ionic Compound Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Triethylamine

(55) 209 gm of deactivated catalyst of chloroaluminate ionic compound with 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (obtained in step ii) and 269.1 gm of ethyl acetate were charged into a 2 liter neutralization reactor (104) equipped with an overhead stirrer, the reactor is placed in a water bath maintained at 25-30 C. The mixture was stirred for 5 mins. Triethylamine is added slowly into the neutralization reactor until the pH of the reaction mass changes from acidic (pH: 1-2) to neutral (pH: 7-7.5). Approximately 192.13 gm of triethylamine was added over a time period of 1 hr. Once neutral pH was achieved, triethylamine addition was stopped and the reaction was further stirred for 45 mins. The reaction mass was kept without stirring for 1.5 hrs to allow the solids to settle at the bottom. The reaction mass was then transferred from the reactor to a nutsche filter (106) and filtered under vacuum. Residue was washed with 640.45 gm of ethyl acetate. The filtrate obtained from the nutsche filter (106) was charged into a distillation column (112) where ethyl acetate is separated as distillate at atmospheric conditions. The bottom residue contains 26 gm of conjunct polymer and hydrocarbon mixture.

(56) The residue obtained from the nutsche filter (106) was charged into an extractor (108) equipped with an overhead stirrer. To it, 532 gm of dichloromethane was added and stirred for 30 mins. The temperature was kept at 25-30 C. The slurry obtained from the extractor was charged into a nutsche filter (110) and filtered under vacuum. During filtration the residue was washed with 308 gm of dichloromethane. The filtrate (dichloromethane layer) obtained from the nutsche filter (110) was charged into an evaporation column (114) fitted with a horizontal condenser. The dichloromethane is recovered by distillation. 82.5 gm of residue containing was obtained which was analyzed for Cl and Al content. The yield obtained was 80%.

(57) 274 gm of residue obtained from the filter (110) was charged into a neutralization reactor (116) followed by addition of 375 gm of 20% methanolic KOH solution and stirring for a time period of 30 mins to obtain slurry. The slurry was then filtered through a nutsche filter (118) under vacuum. The filtrate obtained was subjected to distillation column (120) to recover methanol as distillate and 180 gm of triethylamine (90% purity) as a bottom product.

Example 7

[BMIM]Cl Recovery from the Fresh Catalyst by Neutralizing with Triethylamine

(58) In this experiment, ionic compound prepared in step (i) of example 6 was regenerated directly without being deactivating to study the efficiency of the process of the present disclosure.

(59) 10.0 gm of fresh catalyst obtained from step (i) of example 6 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 12.6 gm of triethylamine is added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained is filtered. The ethyl acetate layer thus obtained contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 200 ml dichloromethane in lot wise to extract [BMIM]Cl from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained is distilled off to get 3.8 gm of [BMIM]Cl salt. The yield obtain was 87%.

Example 8

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMIM]Cl Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Sodium Carbonate

(60) The process used in this experiment is same as described in step (iii) of example 6 except that sodium carbonate solution is used instead of triethyl amine.

(61) 100 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of example 6 was charged into a 500 ml conical flask. Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution is prepared by mixing 133.3 gm of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and 350 ml water and kept a side. The Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution prepared was added slowly to the conical flask containing deactivated catalyst. Once the addition was complete, 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added to the flask and stirred for 1 hr and allowed to settle for 1 hr. The water and ethyl acetate layers were separated and water layer was subjected to distillation to give solid mixture. The solid mixture was washed with 75 ml of dichloromethane to extract [BMIM]Cl and the dichloromethane layer obtained was distilled off to get 24 gm of [BMIM]Cl salt. The ethyl acetate layer was distilled off to give 11 gm of conjunct polymer and organics. The [BMIM]Cl salt obtained was analyzed for Cl and Al content. The yield obtained was 63%.

Example 9

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMIM]Cl Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Tert-Butylamine

(62) The process used in this experiment is same as described in step (iii) of example 6 except that tert-butylamine is used instead of triethyl amine.

(63) 10.19 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of example 6 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 25 ml of tert-butylamine was added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained was filtered, the ethyl acetate layer obtained after filtration contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 100 ml dichloromethane to extract [BMIM]Cl from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained was distilled off to get 1.2 gm of [BMIM]Cl salt.

Example 10

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMIM]Cl Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Ammonia Solution

(64) The process used in this experiment is same as described in step (iii) of example 6 except that ammonia solution is used instead of triethyl amine.

(65) 10.09 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of example 6 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 4.25 gm of 25% NH.sub.3 solution was added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained was filtered. The ethyl acetate layer obtained after filtration contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 200 ml dichloromethane in lot wise to extract [BMIM]Cl from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained was distilled off to get 1.2 gm of [BMIM]Cl salt.

Example 11

(66) In this experiment, chloroaluminate based ionic compound was prepared which was deactivated by using it repeatedly for alkylation reaction and then the deactivated ionic compound was regenerated by a process of the present disclosure.

(67) Step i: Preparation of Chloroaluminate Ionic Compound with 1-Butyl-4-Methylpyridinium Chloride [BMPy]Cl

(68) The setup consisting of a 5 L three neck RB flask fitted with an overhead stirrer was placed in an ice bath at 0-5 C. The flask was clamped to provide stability under stirring. The whole assembly was kept under nitrogen atmosphere. 576.2 gm of [BMPyC]Cl was weighed and carefully charged into the flask through a funnel 830 gm of AlCl.sub.3 was weighed and added slowly into the flask with constant stirring. The charging of AlCl.sub.3 was completed in 1.5 hrs. The mixture was further stirred for 2 hrs to mix the raw materials properly. The final catalyst (ionic compound) was kept under nitrogen conditions.

(69) Step ii: Deactivation of Ionic Compound Prepared in Step (i) by Using it Repeatedly for Alkylation Reaction

(70) 92 lit of olefin stream containing 10-15% C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 olefins and 36 lit of benzene were added into a 250 lit round bottom reactor kept inside a heating mantle. The agitator was started and heating coils were switched on. When the mixture attains the temperature of 45 C., 1.3 kg of the catalyst prepared in step (i) was charged and stirred for 10 mins. After 10 mins the hydrocarbon and catalyst layers were separated and the bottom catalyst layer was recycled back with the same quantities of fresh olefin stream and benzene.

(71) Step iii: Regeneration of Ionic Compound Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Triethylamine

(72) 209 gm of deactivated catalyst of chloroaluminate ionic compound with 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride (obtained in step ii) and 269.1 gm of ethyl acetate were charged into a 2 lit neutralization reactor (104) equipped with an overhead stirrer, the reactor is placed in a water bath maintained at 25-30 C. The mixture was stirred for 5 mins. Triethylamine is added slowly into the neutralization reactor until the pH of the reaction mass changes from acidic (pH: 1-2) to neutral (pH: 7-7.5). Approximately 192.13 gm of triethylamine was added over a time period of 1 hr. Once neutral pH was achieved, triethylamine addition was stopped and the reaction was further stirred for 45 mins. The reaction mass was kept without stirring for 1.5 hrs to allow the solids to settle at the bottom. The reaction mass was then transferred from the reactor to a nutsche filter (106) and filtered under vacuum. Residue was washed with 640.45 gm of ethyl acetate. The filtrate obtained from the nutsche filter (106) was charged into a distillation column (112) where ethyl acetate is separated as distillate at atmospheric conditions. The bottom residue contains 26 gm of conjunct polymer and hydrocarbon mixture.

(73) The residue obtained from the nutsche filter (106) was charged into an extractor (108) equipped with an overhead stirrer. To it, 532 gm of dichloromethane was added and stirred for 30 mins. The temperature was kept at 25-30 C. The slurry obtained from the extractor was charged into a nutsche filter (110) and filtered under vacuum. During filtration the residue was washed with 308 gm of dichloromethane. The filtrate (dichloromethane layer) obtained from the nutsche filter (110) was charged into an evaporation column (114) fitted with a horizontal condenser. The dichloromethane is recovered by distillation. 84.5 gm of residue containing was obtained which was analyzed for Cl and Al content. The yield obtained was 83%.

(74) 278 gm of residue obtained from the filter (110) was charged into a neutralization reactor (116) followed by addition of 375 gm of 20% methanolic KOH solution and stirring for a time period of 30 mins to obtain slurry. The slurry was then filtered through a nutsche filter (118) under vacuum. The filtrate obtained was subjected to distillation column (120) to recover methanol as distillate and 180 gm of triethylamine (90% purity) as a bottom product.

Example 12

[BMPy]Cl Recovery from the Fresh Catalyst by Neutralizing with Triethylamine

(75) In this experiment, ionic compound prepared in step (i) of example 11 was regenerated directly without being deactivating to study the efficiency of the process of the present disclosure.

(76) 11.0 gm of fresh catalyst obtained from step (i) of example 6 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 12.9 gm of triethylamine is added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained is filtered. The ethyl acetate layer thus obtained contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 200 ml dichloromethane in lot wise to extract [BMPy]Cl from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained is distilled off to get 3.7 gm of [BMP]Cl salt. The yield obtain was 85%.

Example 13

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMPy]Cl Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Sodium Carbonate

(77) The process used in this example is same as described in step (iii) of example 6 except that sodium carbonate solution is used instead of triethyl amine.

(78) 100 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of example 6 was charged into a 500 ml conical flask. Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution is prepared by mixing 133.3 gm of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and 350 ml water and kept a side. The Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution prepared was added slowly to the conical flask containing deactivated catalyst. Once the addition was complete, 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added to the flask and stirred for 1 hr and allowed to settle for 1 hr. The water and ethyl acetate layers were separated and water layer was subjected to distillation to give solid mixture. The solid mixture was washed with 75 ml of dichloromethane to extract [BMPy]Cl and the dichloromethane layer obtained was distilled off to get 23 gm of [BMPy]Cl salt. The ethyl acetate layer was distilled off to give 11.5 gm of conjunct polymer and organics. The [BMPy]Cl salt obtained was analyzed for Cl and Al content. The yield obtained was 62%.

Example 14

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMPy]Cl Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Tert-Butylamine

(79) The process used in this example is same as described in step (iii) of example 11 except that tert-butylamine is used instead of triethyl amine.

(80) 10.5 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of example 11 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 25 ml of tert-butylamine was added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained was filtered, the ethyl acetate layer obtained after filtration contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 100 ml dichloromethane to extract [BMPy]Cl from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained was distilled off to get 1.3 gm of [BMPy]Cl salt.

Example 15

Regeneration of Ionic Compound [BMPy]Cl Using the Process of the Present Disclosure Employing Ammonia Solution

(81) The process used in this example is same as described in step (iii) of example 11 except that ammonia solution is used instead of triethyl amine.

(82) 10.5 gm of deactivated catalyst obtained in step (ii) of example 11 was charged along with 50 ml ethyl acetate into a 250 ml RB flask kept with an overhead stirrer, maintained at 29 C. Slowly 4.4 gm of 25% NH.sub.3 solution was added over a period of 1 hr and stirred for 30 mins. The mixture thus obtained was filtered. The ethyl acetate layer obtained after filtration contains conjunct polymer and organics. The solids obtained were washed with 200 ml dichloromethane in lot wise to extract [BMPy]Cl from the solid mixture. The dichloromethane layer thus obtained was distilled off to get 1.3 gm of [BMPy]Cl salt.

(83) Throughout this specification the word comprise, or variations such as comprises or comprising, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

(84) The use of the expression at least or at least one suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.

(85) Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.

(86) The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.

(87) While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.