A process for conducting an exothermic reaction in a vertical tubular reactor comprising; providing a reactor with two or more reaction zones each containing multiple tubes attached to common tube sheets at top and bottom, each zone separated by segmented baffles in the top head and the bottom head.

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

An external catalyst cooler arrangement for an FCC regenerator improves the operation of the catalyst cooler by the use of a heat removal unit design utilizing a central supply tube and central heat removal conduit surrounded by external heat removal tubes connected directly to the central heat removal conduit.

A fluidized-bed reactor (1A) includes a reaction vessel (10A) configured to contain metallurgical grade silicon powder and a hydrogen chloride gas, and a portion of a side wall (w) which portion extends along at least 80% of a height extending from a gas feed opening (21), which is provided in a lower part of the reaction vessel (10A), to a top face of a fluid bed (40) has such a tapered shape that a cross section of the reaction vessel (10A) which cross section is taken perpendicular to a height direction of the reaction vessel (10A) increases in area in an upward direction.

A reactor, which includes a reactor body and two reactor ends sealing the ends of the reactor body, a plurality of reactor tubes extending inside the reactor body at least partially between the reactor ends, and at least one heat pipe disposed inside at least one of the reactor tubes.

An apparatus for heating a process fluid is presented. The apparatus is for improving the foot-print of a fired heater and to reduce the fired heater volume. The apparatus includes a W-shaped process coil to provide for a smaller single-cell fired heater, and a fired heater with a lower profile, providing flexibility in positioning relative to downstream reactors.

A heat exchanger having a housing, which defines a first volume (V1), and having at least one conduit, which defines a second volume (V2), wherein the housing has an inlet and an outlet and at least one first opening and at least one second opening located opposite the first opening relative to the housing, wherein the at least one conduit extends through the first volume (V1) and connects the at least one first opening of the housing and the at least one second opening of the housing, and is connected at the two ends of the conduit to the housing in a fluid-tight manner. In order to provide a heat exchanger which has an improved possibility for compensating for the differential thermal expansion of the housing and the conduits, the at least one conduit does not extend in a linear manner inside the first volume (V1), and the at least one conduit is monolithically connected in the region of the first opening of the conduit and/or the second opening of the conduit to the housing.

The invention relates to a method for converting a gas into methane (CH4) which includes: a step of activating a catalytic material including praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) associated with nickel oxide (NiO) and alumina (Al2O3), the respective proportions of which are, relative to the total mass of these three compounds:

Pr6O11: 1 wt % to 20 wt %,

NiO: 1 wt % to 20 wt %, and

A12O3: 60 to 98 wt %; and a step of passing a gas including at least one carbon monoxide (CO) over the activated catalytic material.

The present invention provides a method of cooling a regenerated catalyst and a device thereof, which employs low-line-speed operation, wherein a range of the superficial gas velocity is 0.005-0.7 m/s, wherein at least one fluidization wind distributor is provided, wherein the main fluidization wind enters the dense bed layer of the catalyst cooler from the distributor, and the heat removal load of the catalyst cooler and/or the temperature of the cold catalyst is controlled by adjusting the fluidization wind quantity. The method and a device thereof of the present invention has an extensive application range, and can be extensively used for various fluid catalytic cracking processes, including heavy oil catalytic cracking, wax oil catalytic cracking, light hydrocarbon catalytic conversion and the like, or used for other gas-solid fluidization reaction charring processes, including residual oil pretreating, methanol to olefin, methanol to aromatics, fluid coking, flexicoking and the like.

A process for conducting an exothermic reaction in a vertical tubular reactor comprising; providing a reactor with two or more reaction zones each containing multiple tubes attached to common tube sheets at top and bottom, each zone separated by segmented baffles in the top head and the bottom head.