Carbon black is used as a component of a rubber composition, ensures that the resulting rubber exhibits improved processability, is reinforced in an improved manner, and exhibits low heat buildup, and may suitably be used for a rubber member (e.g., tire tread) and the like for which high abrasion resistance is required. The carbon black includes primary particles having an average particle size of 15 to 35 nm, and forms aggregates having a Stokes mode diameter measured using a centrifugal sedimentation method of 140 to 180 nm, and having a spherical shape when observed using a transmission electron microscope.

An apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate in a reactor for droplet polymerization having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the circumference of the reactor and a fluidized bed, and above the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a region having a constant hydraulic internal diameter and below the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a hydraulic internal diameter that steadily decreases. The reactor has a heating means in the region having a steadily decreasing hydraulic internal diameter.

Disclosed herein are systems and processes involving the catalyzed cleavage reaction of dimethyl sulfide to methyl mercaptan. The catalyzed cleavage reaction can be a standalone system or process, or can be integrated with a methyl mercaptan production plant.

A reformer includes a reforming chamber having a raw fuel passage through which a raw fuel flows, the reforming chamber being filled with or carrying a reforming catalyst, a supply chamber disposed upstream of the reforming chamber, for uniformly supplying the raw fuel to the raw fuel passage, and a discharge chamber disposed downstream of the reforming chamber, for uniformly discharging the raw fuel from the raw fuel passage. The raw fuel passage has first and second reversers for reversing the direction in which the raw fuel flows. The raw fuel passage has a cross-sectional area which is smaller in a downstream portion thereof than in an upstream portion thereof.

An apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate in a reactor for droplet polymerization having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the circumference of the reactor and a fluidized bed, and above the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a region having a constant hydraulic internal diameter and below the gas withdrawal point the reactor has a hydraulic internal diameter that steadily decreases.

An apparatus comprising: a vessel component comprising a flow-through interior chamber having an interior sidewall and an exterior sidewall; at least two inlets for introducing chemical components into the flow-through interior chamber; at least one outlet for removing product from the flow-through interior chamber; and an off center rotation component which is operatively connected to the vessel component. During operation of the apparatus, the off center rotation component generates vortical movement of at least two chemical components through the flow-through interior chamber of the vessel, and converts at least a portion of the at least two chemical components to at least one reaction product or product mixture. A method of using the apparatus to produce reaction products or product mixtures. The apparatus and method are useful for producing specialty chemicals such as fragrance and flavor compounds, insect pheromones, petrochemicals, pharmaceutical compounds, agrichemical compounds, and the like.

A photochemical reactor and a photo-oxidation process for manufacturing organic compounds are disclosed. The photo-oxidation generates polyfluorochloro- and/or perfluorocarboxylic acid chloride compounds, in particular halogenated acetyl chlorides, such as polyfluorochloro- and/or perfluoro acetyl chloride. The photo-oxidation process is exothermic. The reactor has a channel or a channels system, including tubes, pipes, or coils, such as coiled tubes or pipes, and, optionally, gasket installations in combination with tubes/pipes, and interior installations, such as microtubes or micropipes. The interior installations avoid formation of hot spots and provide for very good mixing of the reaction medium, such that the photochemical reactions do not only take place in part of reaction medium within a few mm around the UV lighting source. Formation of oxidizing by-products is eliminated, which may otherwise be formed during the photochemical oxidation and possibly accumulate in the photochemical reactor and/or process equipment, such as cooling traps and piping systems.

The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include an insulation base having insulating material and at least one passage that extends through the insulating material. In some embodiments, the at least one passage may be in fluid communication with a combustion region.

The invention discloses residual gas heat exchange combustion-supporting system based on a methanol-water mixture reforming hydrogen production system and a method thereof, wherein the residual gas heat exchange combustion-supporting system comprises a reformer, a heat exchange tube and an air intake device: the reformer is provided with a reforming chamber, a separating device, a combustion chamber and an exhaust vent, the residual gas produced by the reformer is discharged from the exhaust vent to the first delivery passage of the heat exchange, tube; the heat exchange tube has coaxial double-layer first and second delivery passages. The invention enables to fully reclaim the heat from the residual gas discharged by the reformer, so that the outside air is warmed before entering the reformer, which in turn makes the warmed outside air attain a very good combustion-supporting effect.