A system for the treatment of materials, to be selected from between materials in a fluid state (1) and particles suspended in a fluid material (1), comprising at least one upper kinematic pair equipped with two mechanical elements (2a, 2b; 2a, 2c), said kinematic pair being in contact with a material in a fluid state (1) or with particles suspended in a fluid material (1); motor means (5) to generate a pre-set relative velocity (v) between the elements (2a, 2b; 2a, 2c) of said kinematic pair, and tensioning means (8) to subject said kinematic pair to a pre-set pressure (P).

Provided are a reactor that can operate stably without being subject to restrictions on heating temperature, a gas production apparatus (that is, an industrially advantageous gas production apparatus) having the reactor, a gas production system, and a gas production method. Each of reactors 4a and 4b includes a container 41 having a single internal space 410 through which gas is capable of passing and a reducing agent layer 42 with which the internal space 410 is filled and which is configured by a reducing agent 4R reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. When the container 41 is cut in a direction orthogonal to a passage direction of the gas, a proportion of a cross-sectional area of the reducing agent layer 42 to a cross-sectional area of the internal space 410 is equal to or greater than 60%.

Disclosed herein is an integrated small and medium-sized natural gas steam reforming reactor comprising a furnace body, a combustion module located outside the furnace body, and a conversion reaction module, a steam generation and superheating module, a medium temperature shift module and a desulfurization module arranged inside the furnace body, wherein the combustion module supplies combustion flue gas into an interior of the furnace body, the interior of the furnace body is partitioned into a plurality of flue cavities by a plurality of high-temperature partition plates, and adjacent flue cavities are communicated via gaps between the high-temperature partition plates and an inner wall of the furnace body, thus forming a flue gas channel that zigzags several times; and the flue cavities and the modules arranged therein sequentially form a conversion unit, a steam generation unit, a medium temperature shift unit and a desulfurization unit.

A reaction vessel for oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen monoxide in the presence of a catalyst is provided. The catalyst can become dislodged during the oxidation. The reaction vessel includes a reactor body having a top portion, a bottom portion, and a middle portion. The top and middle portions cooperate to define a cavity where the ammonia is catalytically oxidized to provide the nitrogen monoxide. The reaction vessel also includes an internal filter element. The internal filter element includes a filter cage that defines an interior volume and a filter medium disposed adjacent to the filter cage. The internal filter element collects the catalyst dislodged during the oxidation.

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include frames with membrane support structures and/or may include a microscreen structure configured to prevent intermetallic diffusion.

Reactor installation tools and methods for installing reactor components in a reactor tube are described herein. A reactor installation tool can include a releasable attachment assembly for securing the tool to a reactor or support for holding reactor components. The tool can include a movable cylinder that can be actuated to engage and push on a reactor component in an interior region of the reactor for positioning the contents of the reactor in a desired location. The tool can further include means for supply blasts of compressed gas to an interior region of the reactor to aid in the expansion and positioning of the reactor contents. A skirt seal can be used to ensure that the blasts of compressed gas are contained in the interior region of the reactor.

A chemical reactor that combines a pressure vessel, heat exchanger, heater, and catalyst holder into a single device is disclosed. The chemical reactor described herein reduces the cost of the reactor and reduces its parasitic heat losses. The disclosed chemical reactor is suitable for use in ammonia (NH.sub.3) synthesis.

A chemical reactor for inductive heating has a non-conductive reactor wall (104) defining an interior (106) of the reactor, a conductive electromagnetic metamaterial susceptor (102) having an open cell 3D lattice structure distributed throughout a volumetric region within the interior of the reactor, electromagnetic coils (100) surrounding the susceptor, and a power supply (116) connected to the electromagnetic coils and adapted to produce AC electrical power at a predetermined operating frequency, thereby generating an electromagnetic field having a predetermined wavelength causing inductive heating of the susceptor. The susceptor has a predetermined effective AC conductivity response Gefr as a predetermined function of position within the volumetric region at the predetermined operating frequency.

A dehydrogenation reaction apparatus includes: an aqueous add solution tank that stores an aqueous acid solution; a dehydrogenation reactor that stores a chemical hydride and selectively receives the aqueous acid solution stored in the aqueous add solution tank; and a heat control device. The heat control device is disposed inside or outside the dehydrogenation reactor and controls an internal temperature of the dehydrogenation reactor.

Disclosed is a mixed reactor and a method for preparing electrothermal film precursor solution based on the mixed reactor. The mixed reactor includes a reaction kettle body, a reflux condensation mechanism, and a multifunctional stirring mechanism. The reflux condensation mechanism includes a condensate tank, a condensing coil is wound around inside of the condensate tank, two ends of the condensing coil are horizontally arranged, and hermetically and rotatably installed on both sides of the condensate tank, the condensing coil is driven by a coil driving motor; the multifunctional stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft and a plurality of stirring blades driven by the stirring shaft. The bottom of the stirring shaft is fixedly sleeved with an isolation sleeve. Buffer rubber gaskets are hermetically connected between the mounting parts and the installation holes. It can effectively improve the quality of products and the quality controllability during the product preparation process.