Device for metering powder, in particular in clean-rooms, which includes a vessel containing powder and a sealing head with a septum for the vessel, wherein the sealing head is connectable powder-tight with the vessel and the septum powder-tight with the sealing head and the device further includes a vessel holder, which serves to hold the sealing head of the vessel, and the vessel with its opening points downwards, so that the powder can flow out of the vessel, wherein a gap is provided between the sealing head and a holding bowl of the vessel holder, in which a gas flow between the holding bowl and the sealing head can be created. The invention also relates to a use of the device and a metered addition method.

Reactor systems, reactor coolant systems, and associated processes for polymerizing polyolefins are described. The reactor systems generally include a reactor pipe and a coolant system, in which the coolant system includes a jacket pipe surrounding at least a portion of the reactor pipe to form an annulus therebetween, at least one spacer coupling the jacket to the reactor pipe, and a coolant which flows through the annulus to remove heat from the reactor pipe. At least one of the external surface of the reactor pipe, the internal surface of the jacket, and at least one spacer, are independently modified, for example by polishing, coating, or reshaping, to reduce the fluid resistance of the coolant flow through the annulus.

An apparatus for the production of formaldehyde is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a cooled tubular reactor section (8, 108, 208, 308, 408, 508) having a first inlet, a first outlet and a plurality of tubes each having a first end in fluid communication with the first inlet and a second end in fluid communication with the first outlet. The plurality of tubes contain a first catalyst for the production of formaldehyde by oxidative dehydrogenation. The apparatus is characterised in that the apparatus further comprises a pre-reactor section (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507). The pre-reactor section (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) has an inlet. The pre-reactor section (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) has an outlet in fluid communication with the first inlet of the cooled tubular reactor section (8, 108, 208, 308, 408, 508). The pre-reactor section (7, 107, 207, 307, 407, 507) is configured to contain, in use, an adiabatic catalyst bed. The adiabatic catalyst bed comprises a second catalyst for the production of formaldehyde by catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation.

An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, the surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor, the apparatus includes a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container, a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; and a spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe. In a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray exit. A product with further stable physical properties can thereby be acquired.

A reactor having a shell comprising one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.

A reactor, which includes a reactor body and two reactor ends sealing the ends of the reactor body, a plurality of reactor tubes extending inside the reactor body at least partially between the reactor ends, and at least one heat pipe disposed inside at least one of the reactor tubes.

Axial reactor for exothermic or endothermic chemical reactions, comprising at least a first catalytic bed (3) and a second catalytic bed (4) operating in series and at least one heat exchanger (5) between the two catalytic beds, wherein the first catalytic bed has a collector bottom (6) having a box-like structure with flat and parallel walls, which are gas-permeable, and a plurality of parallel channels (15, 16) defined between the walls, wherein a first series of said channels collects the gaseous flow exiting the catalytic bed and passing through the first wall, said gaseous flow is directed towards the heat exchanger, and the flow exiting the exchanger is directed towards the second catalytic bed via a second series of said channels of the collector bottom.

A heat exchanger having a housing, which defines a first volume (V1), and having at least one conduit, which defines a second volume (V2), wherein the housing has an inlet and an outlet and at least one first opening and at least one second opening located opposite the first opening relative to the housing, wherein the at least one conduit extends through the first volume (V1) and connects the at least one first opening of the housing and the at least one second opening of the housing, and is connected at the two ends of the conduit to the housing in a fluid-tight manner. In order to provide a heat exchanger which has an improved possibility for compensating for the differential thermal expansion of the housing and the conduits, the at least one conduit does not extend in a linear manner inside the first volume (V1), and the at least one conduit is monolithically connected in the region of the first opening of the conduit and/or the second opening of the conduit to the housing.