A method of detecting the expression level of miRNA markers in a biological sample obtained from a mammal is provided. The method incudes the steps of i) detecting the expression level of one or more miRNA markers selected from the group of miR-199a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-340-5p, let-7b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p and miR-103a-3p, in the biological sample; ii) detecting the expression level of at least one miRNA reference marker selected from miR-148b-3p and miR-30e-5p in the biological sample; and iii) normalizing the expression level of the miRNA marker(s) against the expression level of the miRNA reference marker in the sample and in a control. The method is useful for the diagnosis of endometriosis, monitoring of patient response to treatment, and assessment of disease progression and/or severity.

Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a substrate for a biochip, a biochip, a method for manufacturing a biochip, and a method for preserving a biochip. The present invention pertains to a biochip having: a substrate having a hydrophilic reaction area; and a spot for a substance to be fixed that includes a biomaterial, the spot being disposed in the reaction area; the reaction area being enclosed by boundaries capable of retaining a liquid on the inner sides, and the spot furthermore including a thickening agent and/or a surfactant. The present invention also pertains to a method for manufacturing said biochip.

An example of a flow cell includes a substrate; a first primer set attached to a first region on the substrate, the first primer set including an un-cleavable first primer and a cleavable second primer; and a second primer set attached to a second region on the substrate, the second primer set including a cleavable first primer and an un-cleavable second primer.

The disclosure relates to methods and systems for ultrahigh throughput protein synthesis and analysis.

An example method includes reacting a first solution and a different, second solution on a flow cell by flowing the first solution over amplification sites on the flow cell and subsequently flowing the second solution over the amplification sites. The first solution includes target nucleic acids and a first reagent mixture that comprises nucleoside triphosphates and replication enzymes. The target nucleic acids in the first solution transport to and bind to the amplification sites at a transport rate. The first reagent mixture amplifies the target nucleic acids that are bound to the amplification sites to produce clonal populations of amplicons originating from corresponding target nucleic acids. The amplicons are produced at an amplification rate that exceeds the transport rate. The second solution includes a second reagent mixture and lacks the target nucleic acids. The second solution is to increase a number of the amplicons at the amplification sites.

The present disclosure provides methods and processes for forming a pattern of oligonucleotides on a microarray. A method for forming a pattern of oligonucleotides on a microarray may include forming a photoresist layer by applying a photoresist composition onto an underlying layer of a substrate, exposing a dose of light through a patterned mask onto the substrate, and removing protective groups on a section of the plurality of functional groups within at least one exposed region of the substrate, wherein the photoresist composition comprises a photoacid generator, an acid scavenger and a photosensitizer, wherein the underlying layer comprises a plurality of functional groups protected by protective groups; thereby forming a pattern on the substrate, wherein the pattern comprises the at least one exposed region, and wherein the at least one exposed region is no more than 1 micrometer in at least one dimension.

An example method includes reacting a first solution and a different, second solution on a flow cell by flowing the first solution over amplification sites on the flow cell and subsequently flowing the second solution over the amplification sites. The first solution includes target nucleic acids and a first reagent mixture that comprises nucleoside triphosphates and replication enzymes. The target nucleic acids in the first solution transport to and bind to the amplification sites at a transport rate. The first reagent mixture amplifies the target nucleic acids that are bound to the amplification sites to produce clonal populations of amplicons originating from corresponding target nucleic acids. The amplicons are produced at an amplification rate that exceeds the transport rate. The second solution includes a second reagent mixture and lacks the target nucleic acids. The second solution is to increase a number of the amplicons at the amplification sites.

Methods and devices are provided herein for surfaces for de novo nucleic acid synthesis which provide for low error rates. In addition, methods and devices are provided herein for increased nucleic acid mass yield resulting from de novo nucleic acid synthesis.

Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.