Methods and devices are provided herein for surfaces for de novo nucleic acid synthesis which provide for low error rates. In addition, methods and devices are provided herein for increased nucleic acid mass yield resulting from de novo nucleic acid synthesis.

Devices and methods are provided for selectively expelling and/or transferring nucleic acids. In one aspect, the device includes a component (e.g., a piezoelectric or an acoustic component) configured to align with one or more features on a solid support, such that when in use, the component (e.g., the piezoelectric or acoustic component) generates a mechanical force to selectively expel and/or transfer one or more volumes of nucleic acid from the solid support. The solid support can include a plurality of discrete features, each feature having a volume (e.g., droplet) of nucleic acid thereon. A power source can be included to provide an electric current to the component (e.g., the piezoelectric or acoustic component, if present) to generate mechanical force. The device can be used for nucleic acid singulation during and/or after assembly.

There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.

Provided are a vesicular adaptor and a single-chain cyclic library constructed by using the adaptor. The library can be used for RNA sequencing and other sequencing platforms dependent on a single-stranded cyclic library, and has the advantage of high throughput sequencing, high accuracy and simple operations.

Fiducial markers are provided on patterned arrays of the type that may be used for molecular analysis, such as sequencing. The fiducials may have configurations that enhance their detection in image or detection data, that facilitate or improve processing, that provide encoding of useful information, and so forth. Examples of the fiducials may include features and materials that are provided on or in the support of the array and that return at least a portion of incident light by reflection. The fiducials may form gratings or other encoding configurations that assist in image processing, alignment, or other aspects of processing of the array.

Provided are a vesicular linker and a single-chain cyclic library constructed by using the linker. The library can be used for RNA sequencing and other sequencing platforms dependent on a single-stranded cyclic library, and has the advantages of high throughput sequencing, high accuracy and simple operations.

Fiducial markers are provided on patterned arrays of the type that may be used for molecular analysis, such as sequencing. The fiducials may have configurations and layouts that enhance their detection in image or detection data, that facilitate or improve processing, that provide encoding of useful information, and so forth. Examples of the fiducials may include offset layouts that may be useful in detecting the fiducials in different types and approaches in imaging, and that may help to distinguish regions of the array from one another in image data.

Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.

There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.

A data storage medium is disclosed comprising a solid support matrix including an optional stabilising reagent or reagents in a dry form, for use as a support for artificially synthesised oligonucleotide sequences encoded with data. Preferably the matrix is fibrous (for example cellulose, or glass, fibres) formed into a support of sufficient strength to hold the oligonucleotide sequences. The stabilising reagents are preferably a combination of a weak base, and a chelating agent, optionally, uric acid or a urate salt, and optionally an anionic surfactant.