A microarray assembly for detection of a target molecule is disclosed. The microarray assemblies comprise an array chamber having a microarray located therein and features that facilitate liquid movement within the array chamber. Also disclosed are methods for making the microarray assembly using rollable films and methods for detecting microarray spots using an internal control fluorophore in the array spot.

A microarray assembly for detection of a target molecule is disclosed. The microarray assemblies comprise an array chamber having a microarray located therein and features that facilitate liquid movement within the array chamber. Also disclosed are methods for making the microarray assembly using rollable films and methods for detecting microarray spots using an internal control fluorophore in the array spot.

A porous matrix according to the present disclosure, wherein a nucleic acid primer-carbon material composite in which one or more nucleic acid primer of a forward primer and a reverse primer as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer is bound to a carbon material is included in the pores of the matrix, provides improved amplification efficiency as compared to a matrix wherein the nucleic acid primer is present on the outer surface of the matrix or a porous matrix wherein the nucleic acid primer is directly fixed inside pores. The porous matrix of the present disclosure can effectively detect various kinds of target nucleic acids simultaneously and analyze them in real time by varying the kinds of the nucleic acid primers included in the matrix. Therefore, it is useful in amplifying multiple nucleic acids.

High surface area coatings are applied to solid substrates to increase the surface area available for solid-phase synthesis of polymers. The high surface area coatings use three-dimensional space to provide more area for functional groups to bind polymers than an untreated solid substrate. The polymers may be oligonucleotides, polypeptides, or another type of polymer. The solid substrate is a rigid supportive layer made from a material such as glass, a silicon material, a metal material, and plastic. The coating may be thin films, hydrogels, microparticles. The coating may be made from a metal oxide, a high- dielectric, a low- dielectric, an etched metal, a carbon material, or an organic polymer. The functional groups may be hydroxyl groups, amine groups, thiolate groups, alkenes, n-alkenes, alkalines, N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated esters, polyaniline, aminosilane groups, silanized oxides, oligothiophenes, and diazonium compounds. Techniques for applying coatings to solid substrates and attaching functional groups are also disclosed.

An example of a flow cell includes a substrate and a reaction area defined in or over the substrate. The reaction area includes two angularly offset and non-perpendicular surfaces relative to a planar surface of the substrate, a polymeric hydrogel positioned over at least a portion of each of the two angularly offset and non-perpendicular surfaces; a first primer set attached to the polymeric hydrogel that is positioned over the portion of a first of the two angularly offset and non-perpendicular surfaces; and a second primer set attached to the polymeric hydrogel that is positioned over the portion of a second of the two angularly offset and non-perpendicular surfaces, wherein the first and second primer sets are orthogonal.

Reusable flow cells for sequencing which exhibit signal intensity retention over numerous use cycles, the active surface of which contains poly-azide functional moieties, methods of treating flow cells surfaces with reagents to provide such poly-azide functional moieties, and reagents therefor.

A microarray is designed to capture one or more molecules of interest at each of a plurality of sites on a substrate. The sites comprise base pads, such as polymer base pads, that promote the attachment of the molecules at the sites. The microarray may be made by one or more patterning techniques to create a layout of base pads in a desired pattern. Further, the microarrays may include features to encourage clonality at the sites.

Methods and devices are provided for preparing a protein array having a plurality of proteins. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a plurality of nucleic acids each having a predefined sequence and expressing in vitro a plurality of proteins from the plurality of nucleic acids. In another embodiment, protein arrays having a solid surface and a microvolume are also provided. The solid surface can have a plurality of anchor oligonucleotides capable of hybridizing with a plurality of nucleic acids. The microvolume can cover each of the plurality of anchor oligonucleotides and can be configured to produce a polypeptide from each of the plurality of nucleic acids.

The inventive subject matter provides methods for reproducibly fabricating hydrogel-based organ and tumor models inside multi-well plates. A hydrogel precursor, which can include cells, is instilled into a well. A pillar is inserted into the well to contact the hydrogel precursor with a surface that can be shaped or textured to provide a desired surface configuration or contour, for example that of a desired organoid or tumor feature. The hydrogel precursor is polymerized and the pillar removed. A second hydrogel precursor, which can contain a different cell type, is then instilled into the well and a second pillar, which can have a different configuration or texture, inserted. Subsequent polymerization generates a second hydrogel portion within the well. Polymerization can be carried out by photopolymerization. Different wells can be aligned with different, individually controlled light sources or a single, collimated light source.

Nanofibrous hydrogel microarray systems that act as facile, high throughput platforms for in vitro drug discovery and investigation and screening of combinatorial effects of physical and biochemical cues on maturation and differentiation of mammalian cells.