Apparatus, systems, and methods for identifying and quantifying chemical components in a high-melting-point liquid. One such method includes: receiving, into a nebulizer assembly, a high-melting-point liquid from a molten liquid conduit; aerosolizing, using the nebulizer assembly, at least a portion of the received high-melting-point liquid; delivering, into one or more instruments, the aerosolized high-melting-point liquid from the nebulizer; and chemically analyzing, using the one or more instruments, the aerosolized high-melting-point liquid.

A thermal fogger includes an air-supply system and a chemical injector. The air-supply system includes an air chamber, a pre-heater configured to heat air in the air chamber, and a blower in fluid communication with the air chamber and configured to blow a flow of heated air through an outlet of the air chamber. The chemical injector is coupled to the outlet of the air chamber and is configured to inject a liquid chemical into the flow of heated air to produce an air-chemical mixture.

An embodiment is a nozzle for use in additive manufacturing and other applications. The nozzle defines a flow path and is configured to generate a supersonic flow of particles or fluid during operation. The embodiment provides at least one auxiliary flow path port that is configured to introduce an auxiliary flow into the nozzle relative to the flow path that protects an internal surface of the nozzle from wear and corrosion, thereby extending the life of the nozzle for extended periods of continuous operation. An embodiment centralizes particle location along its continuous flow path to achieve small footprint material deposition, thereby increasing 3D print resolution for building more intricate components.

A composite piezoelectric coating (CPC) method includes entraining a powder in a first carrier gas stream; heating a second carrier gas stream to a predetermined temperature; combining the first carrier gas stream and second carrier gas stream into a combined carrier gas stream; ejecting the combined carrier gas stream at a target at a predetermined velocity, and consolidating the powder on the target by impact of the ejected combined carrier gas stream with the target.

The present invention provides a cold spray gun and a cold spray apparatus equipped with the same, which are capable of effectively suppressing clogging of a raw material powder feeding port and operating the cold spray apparatus equipped with the cold spray gun by maintaining a working gas temperature at a high temperature closer to a melting point or a softening point of the raw material powder. In order to achieve the above described object, there is provided a cold spray gun configured to spray out a raw material powder transported by a carrier gas, together with a working gas heated to a temperature equal to or lower than a melting point or a softening point of the raw material powder as a supersonic flow and to cause the raw material powder to collide with a base material in a solid state, thereby to form a coating film.

In one aspect of an inventive concept, a product includes a substrate and a material formed from a precursor powder, where the material includes a plurality of particles from the precursor powder deposited on the substrate. The plurality of particles have structural characteristics defined by an impact of the particles on the substrate and/or on previously deposited particles. Moreover, the material has a microstructure, where the microstructure of the material is substantially the same as a microstructure of the precursor powder. The microstructure of the material is characterized by at least one property, where the at least one property is substantially the same as a corresponding at least one property of the precursor powder.

A spray nozzle can control a film region easily. A spray nozzle of an embodiment includes, a nozzle main body, a nozzle tip section connected to a tip of the nozzle main body, and at least one path changing section which is provided in a passage of the carrier gas in the nozzle tip section and changes a path of the film material.

Apparatus, systems, and methods for identifying and quantifying chemical components in a high-melting-point liquid. One such method includes: receiving, into a nebulizer assembly, a high-melting-point liquid from a molten liquid conduit; aerosolizing, using the nebulizer assembly, at least a portion of the received high-melting-point liquid; delivering, into one or more instruments, the aerosolized high-melting-point liquid from the nebulizer; and chemically analyzing, using the one or more instruments, the aerosolized high-melting-point liquid.

The nozzle for cold spray (25) used in a cold spray apparatus (2) is configured to include a tubular nozzle main body (252) and a cooling jacket (253) that surrounds the nozzle main body (252) to form a flow path (25e) for refrigerant (R) between the nozzle main body (252) and the cooling jacket (253). The cooling jacket (253) is provided with a seal retaining portion (253c) that retains an O-ring (253b) for the flow path (25e). The seal retaining portion (253c) and the nozzle main body (252) are joined in a socket-and-spigot joint fashion.

A nozzle for a cold spray deposition apparatus includes a convergent section defined about a nozzle inlet, a divergent section defined about a nozzle outlet, a cooling input port, a cooling output port, and a cooling channel wrapped around the divergent section, the cooling channel fluidly coupled to the cooling input port and the cooling output port.