An impedance measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of sensors configured to detect response signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of battery cells and a controller configured to calculate impedances respectively corresponding to the plurality of battery cells based on the response signals, in which each of the plurality of sensors includes a power supply configured to supply input power to a corresponding battery cell of the plurality of battery cells and a detector configured to detect a response signal of the corresponding battery cell of the plurality of battery cells during a detection time, wherein the response signal is responsive to the input power, and the controller is further configured to adjust the detection time for the plurality of sensors.

A microgrid controller of a microgrid includes a communication interface configured to receive load information corresponding to a plurality of loads connected to the microgrid, receive energy resource information corresponding to a plurality of energy resource systems connected to the microgrid, and output control signals for controlling an operation of each energy resource system; and one or more processors configured to perform at least two dispatch operations selected from a load balance dispatch operation, an export dispatch operation, or a charge/discharge dispatch operation according to a prioritization dispatch scheme. The load balance dispatch operation, the export dispatch operation, and the charge/discharge dispatch operation are assigned different dispatch priorities that define a sequence of dispatch operations of the prioritization dispatch scheme. The plurality of energy resource systems includes energy storage systems (ESSs), unidirectional non-ESSs, and bidirectional non-ESSs.

An acquisition unit of a charging control system acquires battery data including at least one of a current flowing through a battery and a temperature of the battery when the battery is charged. A detector thereof detects an abnormal phenomenon of the battery based on at least one of a behavior of the current and a behavior of the temperature when the battery is charged. A charging current changer thereof changes a current rate when the battery is charged next time to a value obtained by multiplying (0<<1) by the current rate when the abnormal phenomenon of the battery is detected.

In a deterioration inhibition control system, a data obtainment unit obtains battery data including a voltage and an electric current of a secondary battery. A deterioration estimation unit estimates, based on the battery data of the secondary battery, a rate of decrease in an excess capacity of a positive electrode from an initial excess capacity to a current excess capacity of the positive electrode and a rate of decrease in an excess capacity of a negative electrode from an initial excess capacity to a current excess capacity of the negative electrode. When the rate of decrease in the excess capacity of the positive electrode is greater than the rate of decrease in the excess capacity of the negative electrode, a charging/discharging control unit switches charging/discharging control to charging/discharging control that prioritizes deterioration inhibition for the positive electrode, and when the rate of decrease in the excess capacity of the negative electrode is greater than the rate of decrease in the excess capacity of the positive electrode, the charging/discharging control unit switches the charging/discharging control to charging/discharging control that prioritizes deterioration inhibition for the negative electrode.

Provided are a frequency modulation method, device and system based on a new energy support machine and an energy storage device, and a new energy field station. The method includes: acquiring a system frequency offset value; determining a frequency modulation scheme for the new energy support machine and/or the energy storage device according to the system frequency offset value; generating a frequency modulation instruction for the new energy support machine and/or the energy storage device according to the frequency modulation scheme, so that the new energy support machine and/or the energy storage device execute a corresponding frequency modulation instruction and modulate the system frequency. The method has high regularity, flexibility in rule adjustment and good real-time performance. When the system frequency of a power grid fluctuates, a new energy support machine with higher durability is selected to support the power grid. The electrochemical energy storage device with poorer durability is selected to support the power grid only when the frequency fluctuation of the system is excessive, thereby reducing the number of times the energy storage device is used, realizing the safe operation of the energy storage device, and improving the use safety of the energy storage device.

The inventive concepts provide a bidirectional switching converter including a first power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) connecting an input voltage node to a switching node, a second power MOSFET connecting the switching node to a ground node, and a zero current detection (ZCD) auto-calibration circuit configured to perform one of an operation of generating a first offset for varying a turn-on time of the first power MOSFET according to an operation mode and an operation of generating a second offset for varying a turn-on time of the second power MOSFET according to the operation mode.

An embodiment of this application provides an energy storage system and an energy storage system control method. The energy storage system includes N battery clusters and N-X first conversion units, where N is a positive integer greater than 1 and X is a positive integer less than N. A first side of each of N-X first conversion units is connected in series to a power transmission circuit of one of N-X first battery clusters among the N battery clusters, so as to combine with a corresponding first battery cluster to form a series branch circuit. The N-X series branch circuits are connected in parallel to X second battery clusters in the N battery clusters.

A meter socket adapter (MSA) for connecting a battery energy storage system (BESS) to a household microgrid through a meter combo load center. The MSA includes: a housing matching an electricity meter and a meter socket in the meter combo load center; a plurality of power conductors that connect among the electricity meter, the meter socket, and BESS; a meter interconnection device (MID) switch for connecting a utility grid or one or more distribution energy resource (DER) devices to supply power to household loads in the household microgrid; a MID driving circuit for driving the MID switch to close or open; and a MID connection detection circuit to verify an electrical connection of a closed MID switch.

In order to ensure continued charging of electric vehicles when a charging station is not currently received an input power from an external power source, the systems and methods disclosed herein provide for operation of the charging station in a resilient operating mode in which an operating current is derived from a charge previously stored in a battery of the charging station. The operating current is produced by a resilient power subsystem within the charging station using the stored charge and is provided by the resilient power subsystem to one or more system components within the charging station in order to enable continued operation of the charging station, including enabling continuing vehicle charging during a time interval in which the charging station is not receiving input power from an external power source.

A method for charging an energy store of a field device having at least one charging current source and a control unit in which the charging current source loads the energy store of the field device with a charging current. A field device carrying out the method includes a chargeable energy store, at least one charging current source and a control unit. The useful life of the field device can be increased by the method and the field device according to the disclosure.