A method of power distribution in an electronic control system at an electrically powered mining or construction machine. A line converter is selectively connectable to a mains power source and an on-board battery and/or fuel cell. Predefined energy supply modes are provided, defining how energy is to be distributed by predefined control sequences defining start-up sequences for initiating, shutdown sequences for terminating, and handover sequences for changing from a first to a second energy supply mode. In response to operator selection of activation of a specific energy supply mode is executed the predefined control sequence for start-up of, or if already operating in another mode handover to, the operator selected specific energy supply mode, or in response to operator selection of de-activation of a specific energy supply mode, the predefined shutdown sequences for terminating the operator selected specific energy supply mode.

The present disclosure relates to a system 1000 for continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building 2000, comprising: a first energy supply module 100 for providing an amount of energy of a first form of energy, a first energy converter module 200, which has a first, primary load-dependent energy converter 210 for primary load-dependent conversion of a part of the provided amount of energy of the first form of energy into a second form of energy that is different from the first form of energy, and a first energy storage 220/230 for storing an amount of energy of the second form of energy, a consumer module 600/800 that has at least one consumer of the building 2000 for consuming a demand-dependent amount of energy of the first form of energy and/or a demand-dependent amount of energy of the second form of energy, and a control unit 900 for controlling the modules of the system 1000, the system 1000 further comprising a second energy converter module 300 which has a second energy converter 310 for converting another part of the amount of energy of the first form of energy into a third form of energy different from the first and second forms of energy, wherein in the conversion of the other part of the amount of energy of the first form of energy into the third form of energy, at the same time a part of the other part of the amount of energy of the first form of energy is converted into the second form of energy, a second energy storage 320 for storing the amount of energy of the third form of energy, and a third energy converter 330/340 for converting a stored amount of energy of the third form of energy into the first form of energy, wherein when converting the stored amount of energy of the third form of energy into the first form of energy, a part of the amount of energy of the third form of energy is simultaneously converted into the second form of energy.

Modern thermal power plants based on classical thermodynamic power cycles suffer from an upper bound efficiency restriction imposed by the Carnot principle. This disclosure teaches how to break away from the classical thermodynamics paradigm in configuring a thermal power plant so that its efficiency will not be restricted by the Carnot principle. The power generation system described herein makes a path for the next generation of low-to-moderate temperature thermal power plants to run at significantly higher efficiencies powered by renewable energy. This disclosure also reveals novel high-performance power schemes with integrated fuel cell technology, driven by a variety of fuels such as hydrogen, ammonia, syngas, methane and natural gas, leading toward low-to-zero emission power generation for the future.

Systems and methods are described for powering a load, such as a data center, with renewable energy from a renewable energy source. When the renewable energy is greater than a demand of the load, excess renewable energy is used to power a hydrogen production device or charge a battery depending on whether or not the charge level of the battery satisfies an upper threshold charge level, respectively. When the renewable energy is less than the demand of the load and the charge level of the battery satisfies a lower threshold charge level, the load is powered with energy from the battery. When the renewable energy is less than the demand of the load and the charge level of the battery does not satisfy the lower threshold charge level, the load is powered and the battery is charged with energy generated by the hydrogen-based energy generator.

A fuel cell-based generation system is provided. The fuel cell-based generation system includes a fuel cell subsystem comprising at least one fuel cell coupled to a power terminal which is configurable to connect with a power network; a battery subsystem comprising at least one battery coupled to the power terminal and configured to provide a state of charge (SoC) value of the at least one battery, the at least one battery being capable of discharging to the power network and charging from the at least one fuel cell; and a controller configured to operate the fuel cell-based generation system by coordinated control of the battery subsystem and the fuel cell subsystem with a power setpoint for the fuel cell subsystem, wherein the power setpoint for the fuel cell subsystem is based on a reference power setpoint provided to the fuel cell-based generation system.

A management server executes a first step of creating an operation plan for a hydrogen production facility in a first period in a future by solving a mathematical programming problem using an operation state of the hydrogen production facility for each time in the first period as a variable. The management server executes a second step of creating an operation plan for the hydrogen production facility in a second period that is a future period shorter than the first period by solving a mathematical programming problem using an operation state of the hydrogen production facility for each time in the second period as a variable. The management server executes the second step more frequently than the first step. The management server uses a part of the operation plan created in the first step as a constraint condition of the mathematical programming problem in the second step.

Buchanan

A biogas collection and purification system that includes a plurality of sources of biogas and a network of conduits configured to convey the biogas from the sources to a central processing facility for processing the biogas into methane. The central processing facility removes impurities to convert biogas to biomethane and may include an H.sub.2S removal stage; an activated carbon scrubber; a gas drier; and a carbon dioxide removal stage. The facility also has a biomethane gas compressor configured to deliver the biomethane for use in power plants, for CNG production. Ancillaries to the system include fuel cells for direct electricity generation from biogas/biomethane.

An AC battery system is provided herein and comprises a plurality of microinverters, a first battery pack comprising a first plurality of battery cells and a second battery pack comprising a second plurality of battery cells. Each of the first plurality of battery cells and the second plurality of battery cells are connected to the plurality of microinverters via a first bus and a second bus comprising a respective first semiconductor switch and a second semiconductor switch, and a controller operatively connected to the plurality of microinverters and the first plurality of battery cells and the second plurality of battery cells and configured to control the plurality of microinverters to at least one of open or close the first semiconductor switch and the second semiconductor switch based on a voltage and an impedance of a first cell of the first plurality of battery cells and a first cell of the second plurality of battery cells.

A system and method for controlling power for a fuel cell are disclosed. The system includes: a fuel cell; a load device electrically connected to the fuel cell; a stack controller configured to set a stack limit current on the basis of a current output current of the fuel cell, the stack limit current configured to limit an output current of the fuel cell on the basis of an output voltage of the fuel cell; and a load controller configured to set a consumption limit current on the basis of the set stack limit current, the consumption limit current configured to limit a consumption current of the load device, the load controller being configured to control the consumption current of the load device to a value equal to or lower than the set consumption limit current.

A DC power system includes a first interface to a DC source and a second interface coupled to the first interface and to a load. A battery control system (BCS) has an input/output interface coupled to the first interface and to the second interface, and a series arrangement of switched controllable units of one or more battery cells, each switchably bypassable according to a control signal. The BCS selectively sources and sinks power to variably control a voltage at the input/output interface utilizing the plurality of switched controllable units under control of a BCS processor that produces the control signal. The BCS sources power from the switched controllable units to supply power to the load in addition to, or in lieu of, the DC source, and regulates performance of an external circuit by dynamic variation of the voltage at the input/output interface according to the control signal.