The invention provides for methods for isolating large EVs and detecting palmitoyl proteins in the large EVs, as well as methods for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer based on the presence of palmitoyl proteins in the isolated large EVs in a subject in need thereof. The method further comprises administering cancer therapy to the subject.

The invention provides for methods for isolating large EVs and detecting palmitoyl proteins in the large EVs, as well as methods for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer based on the presence of palmitoyl proteins in the isolated large EVs in a subject in need thereof. The method further comprises administering cancer therapy to the subject.

The present technology is directed to compounds, compositions, medicaments, and methods related to the treatment of cancers expressing PSMA. The compounds are of Formulas I & II

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or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present technology is especially well-suited for use in treating prostate cancer.

Methods for diagnosing the presence of BCR in prostate cancer in a subject are provided, such methods including the detection of levels of a variety of biomarkers diagnostic of BCR. Compositions in the form of kits and panels of reagents for detecting the biomarkers of the invention are also provided.

The disclosure provides methods to facilitate the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In particular, the methods disclosed herein can be used to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. The methods comprise determining in a sample of the subject a level of one or more biomarkers selected from the group consisting of: mucin 3 (MUC3); pepsinogen 3 preproprotein (PGA3); -2-microglobulin (2M); PIK3IP1; uromodulin; prion protein; apolipoprotein D; WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2; kininogen 1 variant; collagen alpha-1(III) chain; osteopontin-c (OPN-c); epidermal growth factor (beta-urogastrone); unnamed protein product (GI 158261423); cadherin-13 isoform 1 preproprotein; collagen alpha 1 chain precursor variant; ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 11; pro-alpha 2(I) collagen; sulfatase 2 isoform b precursor; MASP-2 protein; Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2, isoform CRA_b; unnamed protein product (GI 47077082); alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 precursor; Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein precursor (ZAG); HSCARG protein, isoform CRA_b; alpha2-HS glycoprotein; and SNC66 protein, and correlating the level of the one or more biomarkers to a reference level to facilitate diagnosis of prostate cancer or BPH.

The disclosure provides methods to facilitate the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In particular, the methods disclosed herein can be used to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. The methods comprise determining in a sample of the subject a level of one or more biomarkers selected from the group consisting of: mucin 3 (MUC3); pepsinogen 3 preproprotein (PGA3); -2-microglobulin (2M); PIK3IP1; uromodulin; prion protein; apolipoprotein D; WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2; kininogen 1 variant; collagen alpha-1(III) chain; osteopontin-c (OPN-c); epidermal growth factor (beta-urogastrone); unnamed protein product (GI 158261423); cadherin-13 isoform 1 preproprotein; collagen alpha 1 chain precursor variant; ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 11; pro-alpha 2(I) collagen; sulfatase 2 isoform b precursor; MASP-2 protein; Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2, isoform CRA_b; unnamed protein product (GI 47077082); alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 precursor; Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein precursor (ZAG); HSCARG protein, isoform CRA_b; alpha2-HS glycoprotein; and SNC66 protein, and correlating the level of the one or more biomarkers to a reference level to facilitate diagnosis of prostate cancer or BPH.

The present invention provides methods for the diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer, including, but not limited to, methods for discerning between aggressive and non-aggressive forms of prostate cancer, and methods for detecting aggressive prostate cancer based on comparisons to a mixed control population of subjects with non-aggressive prostate cancer or not having prostate cancer.

The present invention provides methods for the diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer, including, but not limited to, methods for discerning between aggressive and non-aggressive forms of prostate cancer, and methods for detecting aggressive prostate cancer based on comparisons to a mixed control population of subjects with non-aggressive prostate cancer or not having prostate cancer.