Provided herein are compositions, foods comprising nepenthesin or a derivative thereof and methods of using nepenthesin or a derivative thereof for modulating gluten intolerance and related conditions, such as celiac disease. Further provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising nepenthesin or a derivative thereof and methods of using nepenthesin or a derivative thereof to treat bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as C. difficile or H. pylori. Further provided herein are compositions comprising recombinant nepenthesin I or nepenthesin II, or homologous proteins, and methods for making the same.

Provided are beneficial bacteria that can be beneficially applied across a wide range of age groups and a composition containing the same. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum NITE BP-02564 and/or Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum NITE BP-02565; bacteria classified as Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, having utilization ability for sialic acid; and a composition containing the bacteria are also provided. More preferably, a composition containing sialic acid is also provided. More preferably, a composition containing at least one carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectic galactan, and oligosaccharides derived therefrom or containing at least a carbohydrate derived from a gramineous plant or a carbohydrate derived from a solanaceous plant are also provided.

Provided are beneficial bacteria that can be beneficially applied across a wide range of age groups and a composition containing the same. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum NITE BP-02564 and/or Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum NITE BP-02565; bacteria classified as Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, having utilization ability for sialic acid; and a composition containing the bacteria are also provided. More preferably, a composition containing sialic acid is also provided. More preferably, a composition containing at least one carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectic galactan, and oligosaccharides derived therefrom or containing at least a carbohydrate derived from a gramineous plant or a carbohydrate derived from a solanaceous plant are also provided.

A formula comprising a whey protein hydrolysate comprising specific beta-lactoglobulin derived peptides and probiotics for inducing oral immune tolerance against milk protein, preventing or treating of oral immune intolerance against milk protein, and/or reducing the risk of developing oral immune intolerance against milk protein.

A formula comprising a whey protein hydrolysate comprising specific beta-lactoglobulin derived peptides and probiotics for inducing oral immune tolerance against milk protein, preventing or treating of oral immune intolerance against milk protein, and/or reducing the risk of developing oral immune intolerance against milk protein.

The invention discloses a composition comprising LNT and at least another human milk oligosaccharide or precursor thereof, for use in preventing and/or treating necrotizing enterocolitis in infants and young children.

The invention discloses a composition comprising LNT and at least another human milk oligosaccharide or precursor thereof, for use in preventing and/or treating necrotizing enterocolitis in infants and young children.

A composition comprises, as an active ingredient, a cell body of a lactic acid bacterium belonging to Lactobacillus paracasei, a cultured product or fermented product thereof, or a polysaccharide produced thereby is effective in preventing or improving type I allergy and can be used as a food or drink, a medicine, a feed, and a cosmetic product, for the prevention or improvement of particularly anaphylaxis.

A composition comprises, as an active ingredient, a cell body of a lactic acid bacterium belonging to Lactobacillus paracasei, a cultured product or fermented product thereof, or a polysaccharide produced thereby is effective in preventing or improving type I allergy and can be used as a food or drink, a medicine, a feed, and a cosmetic product, for the prevention or improvement of particularly anaphylaxis.

Provided herein are compositions, foods comprising nepenthesin or a derivative thereof and methods of using nepenthesin or a derivative thereof for modulating gluten intolerance and related conditions, such as celiac disease. Further provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising nepenthesin or a derivative thereof and methods of using nepenthesin or a derivative thereof to treat bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as C. difficile or H. pylori. Further provided herein are compositions comprising recombinant nepenthesin I or nepenthesin II, or homologous proteins, and methods for making the same.