The present invention is directed to an oral supplement including creatine hydrochloride, which has an aqueous solubility that is at least 15 times greater than creatine monohydrate, where the oral supplement drives significant improvements in muscle development and recovery due to its enhanced bio-availability, while causing fewer negative side effects compared to previous forms of creatine.

A method and composition for preserving muscle mass and function by increasing muscle protein synthesis and/or decreasing muscle protein degradation in mammals is disclosed. In one embodiment, the mammals are administered a protein building composition comprising at least two of an essential amino acid, an amino acid derivative, and a nitrogenous organic acid. In a particular embodiment, the protein building composition comprises leucine, L-carnitine, and creatine. The protein building composition can decrease TNF-α and increase mTOR expression in muscle.

A method and composition for preserving muscle mass and function by increasing muscle protein synthesis and/or decreasing muscle protein degradation in mammals is disclosed. In one embodiment, the mammals are administered a protein building composition comprising at least two of an essential amino acid, an amino acid derivative, and a nitrogenous organic acid. In a particular embodiment, the protein building composition comprises leucine, L-carnitine, and creatine. The protein building composition can decrease TNF-α and increase mTOR expression in muscle.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising Aster sphathulifolius Maxim extract for preventing, improving, or treating muscular diseases and for improving muscular functions. The Aster sphathulifolius Maxim extract according to the present invention exhibits effects of inhibiting the expression of muscle protein breakdown-related factors and increasing the expression of muscle protein synthesis-related factors, as well as alleviating the reduction of muscle tissue weight and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and thus can be useful for preventing, improving, or treating muscular diseases and improving muscular functions.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising Aster sphathulifolius Maxim extract for preventing, improving, or treating muscular diseases and for improving muscular functions. The Aster sphathulifolius Maxim extract according to the present invention exhibits effects of inhibiting the expression of muscle protein breakdown-related factors and increasing the expression of muscle protein synthesis-related factors, as well as alleviating the reduction of muscle tissue weight and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and thus can be useful for preventing, improving, or treating muscular diseases and improving muscular functions.

The present invention relates to the use of a fruit extract and optionally other specific nutrients for preventing, reducing or minimising exercise-induced systemic inflammation and/or for promoting recovery from intense exercise. The invention also relates to compositions comprising such fruit extracts.

The present invention relates to the use of a fruit extract and optionally other specific nutrients for preventing, reducing or minimising exercise-induced systemic inflammation and/or for promoting recovery from intense exercise. The invention also relates to compositions comprising such fruit extracts.

The present invention relates to methods of determining the levels of 3-methylhistidine before and after a meal in a companion animal, wherein the meal is a pet foodstuff having a particular protein to fat ratio, which is useful in decreasing the levels of 3-methydlhistidine post-prandially and having the beneficial effects as described herein. The pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis. The pet foodstuff described is fed to a companion animal for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia. The present invention also relates to methods of feeding the pet foodstuff described and/or dietary regimes to provide the companion animal with the benefit of reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.

The present invention relates to methods of determining the levels of 3-methylhistidine before and after a meal in a companion animal, wherein the meal is a pet foodstuff having a particular protein to fat ratio, which is useful in decreasing the levels of 3-methydlhistidine post-prandially and having the beneficial effects as described herein. The pet foodstuff comprises a ratio of protein to fat of 1:0.27 to 1:0.63 on a gram:gram as fed or dry matter basis. The pet foodstuff described is fed to a companion animal for use in reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia. The present invention also relates to methods of feeding the pet foodstuff described and/or dietary regimes to provide the companion animal with the benefit of reducing and/or preventing sarcopenia.

Choline alfoscerate is a drug used to improve cerebrovascular diseases and brain metabolism. It is a drug with proven safety, which has no effect on the kidney and liver and with no severe side effect reported. When administered to a patient with muscle cramps, it can significantly reduce pain and the occurrence of muscle cramps. Accordingly, it may be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing muscle cramps and a health functional food composition for improving muscle cramps and may also be used for a method for treating muscle cramps by administering choline alfoscerate. In addition, choline alfoscerate may also be used to prepare a medication for treating muscle cramps.