Mice that comprise a replacement of endogenous mouse IL-6 and/or IL-6 receptor genes are described, and methods for making and using the mice. Mice comprising a replacement at an endogenous IL-6R locus of mouse ectodomain-encoding sequence with human ectodomain-encoding sequence is provided. Mice comprising a human IL-6 gene under control of mouse IL-6 regulatory elements is also provided, including mice that have a replacement of mouse IL-6-encoding sequence with human IL-6-encoding sequence at an endogenous mouse IL-6 locus.

Fatty liver was induced by administering agents for inducing organ inflammation to experimental animals to evoke insulin resistance and by rearing them with high-fat diets. As a result, steatohepatitis was successfully induced in the animals. The animals show pathological findings similar to those of humans. By using these model animals, substances for treating or preventing diseases can be efficiently screened and the efficacy of medicinal substances can be effectively evaluated.

Mice that comprise a replacement of endogenous mouse IL-6 and/or IL-6 receptor genes are described, and methods for making and using the mice. Mice comprising a replacement at an endogenous IL-6R locus of mouse ectodomain-encoding sequence with human ectodomain-encoding sequence is provided. Mice comprising a human IL-6 gene under control of mouse IL-6 regulatory elements is also provided, including mice that have a replacement of mouse IL-6-encoding sequence with human IL-6-encoding sequence at an endogenous mouse IL-6 locus.

Provided herein are mitochondrial-nuclear exchanged cells and animals comprising mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from one subject and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from a different subject. Methods for producing a mitochondrial-nuclear exchanged animal and animals made by the methods are provided. Also provided are methods of screening for agents useful for treating a disease or disorder using mitochondrial-nuclear exchanged animals or cells, tissues or organs thereof.

Mice that comprise a replacement of endogenous mouse IL-6 and/or IL-6 receptor genes are described, and methods for making and using the mice. Mice comprising a replacement at an endogenous IL-6R locus of mouse ectodomain-encoding sequence with human ectodomain-encoding sequence is provided. Mice comprising a human IL-6 gene under control of mouse IL-6 regulatory elements is also provided, including mice that have a replacement of mouse IL-6-encoding sequence with human IL-6-encoding sequence at an endogenous mouse IL-6 locus.

This invention relates to polynucleotides encoding mini-dystrophin proteins, viral vectors comprising the same, and methods of using the same for delivery of mini-dystrophin to a cell or a subject.

Provided are a nucleic acid construct based on a Cre-LoxP recombination system and a CRISPR gene editing system and use thereof. The Cre-LoxP recombination system comprises a Cre enzyme and a LoxP nucleic acid combination. The LoxP nucleic acid combination comprises TATA-Lox71 and TATA-LoxTC9 sequences, which can only be recombined once under the catalysis of the Cre enzyme. The nucleic acid construct carries an inert stuffer sequence with a certain length. The nucleic acid construct can express a plurality of sgRNAs in a low bias manner in vivo, but a same cell can only express one sgRNA, thereby efficiently generating mosaicism whose utilities include accurate and sensitive in-situ CRISPR gene screening and rapid, cost-effective preparation of a single-gene knockout line.

Providing data indicative of heat stress in a ruminant using an activity measurement unit attached to the ruminant that includes a motion sensor and a processor is described. The method comprises measuring, using the motion sensor, ruminant movement of the ruminant over time; and determining, using the processor, that the measured ruminant movement is a repetitive movement indicative of either panting or rumination. A movement pattern indicative of panting and a movement pattern indicative of rumination both include one or more similar parameter values. The method further includes establishing at least one of: whether the repetitive movement is indicative of panting, and/or whether the repetitive movement is indicative of ruminating. The establishing includes: detecting, from the measured ruminant movement the occurrence of a belch action; and identifying, when for at least a predetermined time period the occurrence of the belch action is absent, that the repetitive movement is indicative of panting, for providing the data indicative of heat stress.

Genetically modified non-human animals comprising a humanized interleukin-15 (IL-15) gene. Cells, embryos, and non-human animals comprising a human IL-15 gene. Rodents that express humanized or human IL-15 protein.

This invention relates to polynucleotides comprising optimized GALC open reading frame (ORF) sequences, vectors comprising the same, and methods of using the same for delivery of the ORF to a cell or a subject and to treat disorders associated with aberrant expression of a GALC gene or aberrant activity of a GALC gene product in the subject, such as Krabbe disease (i.e., globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD)).