A pipe coupling for triple wall corrugated plastic pipe includes a triple wall corrugated bellmouth connector that is of a unitary construction with one end of the corrugated plastic pipe. This bellmouth connector is of higher strength and in cooperation with the two wall corrugated spigot provides a high strength coupling. This coupling includes the bellmouth connector and spigot that are made inline with the corrugated pipe. A method for the manufacture of the pipe includes controlling of an air pressure on the outside of a formed two wall corrugated pipe as an exterior third wall is secured thereto.

The present disclosure relates to a fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) tube, the tube comprising a plurality of concentric layers of an FRP material forming a shell of the tube. At least one blind threaded longitudinal bolt hole is provided from a transverse end surface of the shell. The bolt hole extends in at least three of the plurality of layers, a middle layer encompassing a plane passing through a center of the bolt hole, an inner layer encompassing a plane of an innermost extent of the bolt hole, and an outer layer encompassing a plane of an outermost extent of the bolt hole. The fibre filament of each of the inner and outer layers has been wound at a first angle to the longitudinal axis and the fibre filament of the middle layer has been wound at a second angle to the longitudinal axis.

A facer facing the ends of polyolefin pipes for butt fusion is modular in the sense that it employs three types of modules, a drive unit, two blade holders and a motor assembly, that are separable from one another and each independently light enough to be hand-lifted along walls and up to ceilings. The drive unit module is adjustable to accommodate different guide rail spacings. The blade holder modules are interchangeable to accommodate different diameters of pipe. The motor assembly module has multispeed capability to accommodate the total area of material to be faced. Each module can be exchanged or modified without use of tools to change the geometry of the assembled facer to accommodate different fusion machines and/or diameters of pipe within working spaces dictated by the diameter of the pipe and not by a fixed geometry of a facer.

Identifying object characteristic based on a contrast ratio of an amount of light reflected or absorbed by the object. Part of the object is illuminated, where the object is a material that absorbs or reflects light emitted by the light source. An amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object is measured. A contrast ratio of the absorbed/reflected light is determined by comparing an amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object to a default absorption or reflection value to obtain a difference between the amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object and the default absorption/reflection value. A characteristic of the object is determined based on the contrast ratio. The wavelength of the light from the light source can be substantially the same as the wavelength of the energy used to form the object by a welding process that uses energy to join at least two parts together to form the object.

Identifying object characteristic based on a contrast ratio of an amount of light reflected or absorbed by the object. Part of the object is illuminated, where the object is a material that absorbs or reflects light emitted by the light source. An amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object is measured. A contrast ratio of the absorbed/reflected light is determined by comparing an amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object to a default absorption or reflection value to obtain a difference between the amount of light absorbed/reflected by the object and the default absorption/reflection value. A characteristic of the object is determined based on the contrast ratio. The wavelength of the light from the light source can be substantially the same as the wavelength of the energy used to form the object by a welding process that uses energy to join at least two parts together to form the object.

Provided is a welding joining method for joining end portions of first and second pipes made of polyamide resin by bonding the end portions to each other by pressure in a molten state. The welding joining method includes: a placing step of placing an infrared radiation lamp between the first and second pipes placed to face each other at an interval; a heating and melting step of heating and melting the end portions of the first and second pipes by emitting infrared; and a pressure bonding step of cooling down the molten end portions in a state where the molten end portions are bonded to each other by pressure.

A resin joint 20 includes an outer cylinder 21 molded by a resin material capable of transmitting laser light and an inner cylinder 22 disposed facing the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 21. An annular protrusion 22b that protrudes in the radial direction and extends in the circumferential direction is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 21 or the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 22. The axial end of the resin tube 10 is inserted into an annular space 30 and is deformed in the radial direction following the annular protrusion 22b, and a region deformed in the radial direction has a surface that is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 21. The inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 21 and the outer peripheral surface of the resin tube 10 are laser-welded.

Device and method for laser welding around a circumference of a workpiece. A fixed, non-movable unitary optical reflector has a pair of optical reflecting surface portions on a first side surface and a second side surface, respectively, arranged at an obtuse angle relative to each other. A workpiece is fixed in an assembly having the reflector. During setup, the vertical distance is adjusted between the reflector and workpiece along an axis that is transverse to a longitudinal axis thereof without any adjustment of the reflecting surfaces. The first and second side surfaces define a curve that is transverse to the longitudinal axis. Once setup has been completed, a laser beam is directed so that it moves along the optical reflector to thereby produce a 360 degree circumferential weld around the workpiece. Another assembly is provided to change the laser beam direction multiple times to irradiate a circumference of a fixed workpiece from a fixed laser source.

The present invention is a system and method facilitating the application of PVC primer/cement to the inner surfaces of PVC pipes, unions, joints, or connection sleeves, and to the outer surface of PVC pipes. The invention consists of a PVC primer/cement reservoir, a method of filing and pressurizing the reservoir, and forcing PVC primer or cement through a series of tubes and holes in the apparatus and into a foam applicator transferring PVC primer/cement onto the inner surface or onto the outer surface of a PVC union, sleeve, or pipe to a predetermined depth and thickness thus reducing waste of the PVC primer/cement and ensuring an even coating of PVC primer/cement and always applying the same consistent application of PVC primer/cement.

A method for minimizing the time to form a polyethylene pipe e joint comprises the steps of performing a butt-fusion process until the beginning of the full cooling cycle; holding an interfacial pressure through a minimum cool time calculated using a formula based on the wall thickness of the pipe e, the initial bulk temperature of the pipe e, and a heat soak time; and releasing the interfacial pressure from the fused pipe e joint at the end of the calculated minimum cool time.