Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase (RuBisCO) protein fibers and a method of producing them are disclosed herein. The method of producing one or more RuBisCO protein fibers including obtaining RuBisCO, tbr example from tobacco, combining the RuBisCO with one or more plasticizers, heating the combination of the RuBisCO and the one or more plasticizers up to about 140 degrees C., filtering the heated combination through an about 20 μm filter, and passing the filtered combination through an orifice to produce one or more RuBisCO protein fibers.

A method of manufacturing a concentrated tobacco extract for an aerosol-generating article is provided, including: providing a natural tobacco material; heating the material to a temperature and for a time such that volatile species including nicotine are released from the material, the heating includes heating the material in a flow of inert gas or in a flow of a combination of an inert gas with water or steam or heating the material under vacuum; collecting the released volatile species and forming a liquid, naturally derived tobacco extract including the collected species, a polyhydric alcohol, and at least about 40 percent by weight of water; and heating the liquid extract to evaporate at least some of the water and obtain concentrated tobacco extract, by heating to a temperature and for a time such that a water content in the naturally derived tobacco extract is reduced by at least about 60 percent.

A method of producing a liquid tobacco extract is provided, the method including the steps of: preparing a tobacco starting material including natural tobacco material such that during the step of preparing the tobacco starting material, the tobacco is not subjected to any treatment adapted to alter the pH of the tobacco; heating the tobacco starting material in a flow of inert gas at an extraction temperature of between 125 degrees Celsius and 160 degrees Celsius for between 90 minutes and 270 minutes; collecting volatile compounds released from the natural tobacco starting material during the heating step; and forming a liquid tobacco extract comprising the collected volatile compounds.

The present disclosure describes methods of obtaining and/or deriving proteins from plants of the Nicotiana species and methods for incorporation of such proteins into various products. For example, a method for obtaining a protein-enriched material from a plant of the Nicotiana species or portion thereof is provided, comprising: extracting one or more proteins from the plant material into a solvent to form a liquid protein-containing extract; separating a solid extracted plant material from the liquid protein-containing extract; clarifying the liquid protein-containing extract to form a clarified protein-containing extract and a solids fraction; and treating the clarified protein-containing extract so as to provide a protein-enriched material comprising at least about 60% protein by weight.

The present disclosure describes methods of obtaining and/or deriving proteins from plants of the Nicotiana species and methods for incorporation of such proteins into various products. For example, a method for obtaining a protein-enriched material from a plant of the Nicotiana species or portion thereof is provided, comprising: extracting one or more proteins from the plant material into a solvent to form a liquid protein-containing extract; separating a solid extracted plant material from the liquid protein-containing extract; clarifying the liquid protein-containing extract to form a clarified protein-containing extract and a solids fraction; and treating the clarified protein-containing extract so as to provide a protein-enriched material comprising at least about 60% protein by weight.

A liquid tobacco extract is provided, including: a non-aqueous solvent; at least 0.2 percent by weight of nicotine based on a weight of the liquid tobacco extract; and a ratio by weight of (β-ionone+β-damascenone) to (phenol) of greater than 0.25.

A method of producing a blended liquid tobacco extract, including: preparing a first tobacco starting material having a first reducing sugar content and a first nicotine content; preparing a second tobacco starting material having a second reducing sugar content and a second nicotine content, the first and the second starting materials being different from each other and have not been subjected to a prior extraction; heating the first tobacco starting material at a first extraction temperature; heating the second tobacco starting material at a second extraction temperature lower than the first extraction temperature; collecting volatile compounds released from the first and the second starting materials during heating; and combining the collected volatile compounds released from the first and the second starting materials and forming the blended liquid tobacco extract from the combined volatile compounds.

A method of producing a blended liquid tobacco extract, including: preparing a first tobacco starting material having a first reducing sugar content and a first nicotine content; preparing a second tobacco starting material having a second reducing sugar content and a second nicotine content, the first and the second starting materials being different from each other and have not been subjected to a prior extraction; heating the first tobacco starting material at a first extraction temperature; heating the second tobacco starting material at a second extraction temperature lower than the first extraction temperature; collecting volatile compounds released from the first and the second starting materials during heating; and combining the collected volatile compounds released from the first and the second starting materials and forming the blended liquid tobacco extract from the combined volatile compounds.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), increase phenylalanine, or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs. Also provided are methods and compositions for increasing the expression of chorismate mutase and other transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis.

The disclosure provides oral compositions and products including an active agent, a carrier/filler, and a buffer. Preferably, the composition can be configured such that, when in contact with a user's saliva, the composition is at a pH of about 6.5 to about 8. Buffers particularly may include amino acids, such as glycine, or salts thereof, as well as various phosphates.