Provided are modified tobacco plants having reduced nitrate levels and tobacco products generated from the modified tobacco plants having reduced tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Also provided are methods of reducing TSNAs in tobacco products by altering the gene expression of the nitrate assimilation pathway

Bacteriophage are provided, and methods of making and using the bacteriophage also are provided.

A method includes volatilizing one or more compounds from tobacco, or reaction products thereof, into a gas stream and recovering at least one of the one or more volatilized compounds or reaction products from the gas stream. The method may be carried out in connection with a dry ice expanded tobacco (“DIET”) process where volatile tobacco compounds are recovered rather than incinerated as is typically done with current DIET processes.

A method of extracting volatiles from tobacco material and a method of making a pre-vapor formulation including the volatiles includes heating tobacco material to release volatiles, collecting the extracted volatiles, and combining the volatiles with a pre-vapor formulation.

A method of extracting volatiles from tobacco material and a method of making a pre-vapor formulation including the volatiles includes heating tobacco material to release volatiles, collecting the extracted volatiles, and combining the volatiles with a pre-vapor formulation.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, the cartridge containing: a first liquid formulation including at least one of water and one or more water-miscible solvents; and a second liquid formulation including one or more water-immiscible solvents having a water solubility at 20° C. of less than or equal to about 100 mg/ml, in which at least one of the first liquid formulation and the second liquid formulation comprises nicotine. An aerosol-generating system is also provided, including the cartridge; and an aerosol-generating device including one or more atomizers configured to generate an aerosol from the first liquid formulation and the second liquid formulation contained in the cartridge.

A producing method of a tobacco raw material containing a flavor constituent, comprises: a step A for heating a tobacco raw material in a closed space which is treated with alkali and for taking a flavor constituent released in the gas phase from the tobacco raw material to an outside of the closed space; a step B for allowing a first solvent to capture the flavor constituent by bringing the flavor constituent released in the gas phase in the step A into contact with the first solvent which is a liquid substance at normal temperature on the outside of the closed space; a step C for supplying a second solvent to the tobacco raw material in the closed space after the step A and for taking a normal component which is released as the liquid phase from the tobacco raw material to the second solvent, together with the second solvent to the outside of the closed space; and after the steps B and C, the step D for adding the first solvent capturing the flavor constituent in the step B to the tobacco raw material from which the flavor constituent is released to the outside of the closed space in the step A.

A producing method of a tobacco raw material containing a flavor constituent, comprises: a step A for heating a tobacco raw material in a closed space which is treated with alkali and for taking a flavor constituent released in the gas phase from the tobacco raw material to an outside of the closed space; a step B for allowing a first solvent to capture the flavor constituent by bringing the flavor constituent released in the gas phase in the step A into contact with the first solvent which is a liquid substance at normal temperature on the outside of the closed space; a step C for supplying a second solvent to the tobacco raw material in the closed space after the step A and for taking a normal component which is released as the liquid phase from the tobacco raw material to the second solvent, together with the second solvent to the outside of the closed space; and after the steps B and C, the step D for adding the first solvent capturing the flavor constituent in the step B to the tobacco raw material from which the flavor constituent is released to the outside of the closed space in the step A.

An oral tobacco composition is provided which has a 0.06 or greater ratio (A/N) of the total amount of carboxylic acid with 6 or fewer carbon atoms to the nicotine content, and which has a 20 ng or lower TSNA content per 1 mg of nicotine.

An oral tobacco composition in which sensations to the throat and esophagus that are characteristic of raw tobacco are selectively removed, and a production method thereof are provided. Provided is an oral tobacco composition in which the ratio of total content of one or more of citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid and formic acid to the nicotine content (A/N) is 1.30 or less.