Provided is a method for preparing a solution B comprising at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, comprising at least the following steps of (A) providing a solution A comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one first solvent, (B) treating the solution A from step (A) with activated carbon, (C) removing the activated carbon from the solution A, and (D) exchanging the at least one first solvent in solution A for at least one second solvent in order to obtain the solution B comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, to a solution of at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, obtainable by the method according to the invention, to the use of this solution for preparing a composition comprising the at least one catalyst, the at least one second solvent, at least one polyisocyanate and at least one NCO-reactive compound, to the use of this composition for producing a single-layered or multi-layered coating system and a corresponding process.

Linear alpha olefins (LAOS) may be formed by oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of a Ziegler-type catalyst. The presence of trace water during oligomerization can result in unwanted formation of insoluble higher oligomers or polymer. Methods for limiting the presence of water during ethylene oligomerization reactions may include separating residual ethylene and 1-butene from an LAO product stream to form a higher LAO-enriched stream comprising C.sub.6+ LAOs, separating 1-hexene as an overhead stream from the higher-LAO enriched stream using a first distillation column, obtaining separated solvent as a side stream from the first distillation column or as a side stream from a first of one or more downstream distillation columns, and returning the separated solvent to a reactor in a recycled solvent stream. The recycled solvent stream passes through one or more driers before returning to the reactor.

The present invention provides an oxa-spirodiphosphine ligand having a structure of general Formula (I) below:

##STR00001##

wherein in general Formula (I), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same, and are alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, or hydrogen, in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may or may not form a ring, any two of them may form a ring, or a polycyclic ring may be formed between two pairs of them; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is alkyl, aryl, or hydrogen; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is alkyl, benzyl, or aryl. The present invention also provides a method for asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. A complex of the oxa-spirodiphosphine ligand with ruthenium shows excellent activity and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of various α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids, with which a chiral carboxylic acid product can be obtained with an enantioselectivity up to 99%.

A tetraanionic OCO pincer ligand metal-oxo-alkylidene complex is prepared from a trianionic pincer ligand supported metal-alkylidyne. The metal can be tungsten or other group 5-7 transition metal. The tetraanionic pincer ligand metal-oxo-alkylidene complex, a trianionic OCO pincer ligand metal complex, or a trianionic ONO pincer ligand metal complex can be used to polymerize cycloalkenes. The poly(cycloalkene)s are predominantly cis-alkene macrocyclics.

A tetraanionic OCO pincer ligand metal-oxo-alkylidene complex is prepared from a trianionic pincer ligand supported metal-alkylidyne. The metal can be tungsten or other group 5-7 transition metal. The tetraanionic pincer ligand metal-oxo-alkylidene complex, a trianionic OCO pincer ligand metal complex, or a trianionic ONO pincer ligand metal complex can be used to polymerize cycloalkenes. The poly(cycloalkene)s are predominantly cis-alkene macrocyclics.

A process for producing isomerized olefins, branched aldehydes, branched alcohols, branched surfactants and other branched derivatives through isomerization, hydroformylation, hydrogenation, surfactant forming reactions and other derivative forming reactions.

The invention relates to a method of forming an olefin from a first olefin and a second olefin in a metathesis reaction, comprising step (i): (i) reacting the first olefin with the second olefin in the presence of a compound that catalyzes said metathesis reaction such that the molar ratio of said compound to the first or the second olefin is from 1:500 or less, and the conversion of the first or the second olefin to said olefin is at least 50%, characterized in that as compound that catalyzes said metathesis reaction a compound of the following formula is used: ##STR00001## wherein M is Mo or W; R.sup.1 is aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, or heteroalkyl; optionally substituted; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; optionally substituted; R.sup.5 is alkyl, alkoxy, heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, silylalkyl, silyloxy, optionally substituted; and R.sup.4 is a residue R.sup.6—X—, wherein X═O and R.sup.6 is aryl, optionally substituted; or X═S and R.sup.6 is aryl, optionally substituted; or X═O and R.sup.6 is (R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9)Si; wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 are alkyl or phenyl, optionally substituted; or X═O and R.sup.6 is (R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12)C, wherein R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12 are independently selected from phenyl, alkyl; optionally substituted; and to the catalysts used in the method.

A hydroformylation catalyst, a preparation method thereof and a use thereof. The hydroformylation catalyst including an active component and a carrier carrying the active component, wherein the active component includes a transition metal as a center atom, and a polyhydroxy aromatic ring group bonded to the transition metal; and the transition metal and the polyhydroxy aromatic ring groups are bonded by at least one of metal-hydroxyl coordination bond and at least one of metal-oxygen covalent bond, and the active component has at least one of the metal-hydroxyl coordination bond and at least one of the metal-oxygen covalent bond.

This invention relates to a Cu-BTC MOF which is water stable. The Cu-BTC MOF has open coordination sites and has been post synthesis modified by partially occupying the open sites with a ligand such as acetonitrile (CH.sub.3CN). The resultant MOF retains at least 40% of its as synthesized surface area after exposure to liquid water at 60° C. for 6 hours. This is an unexpected result versus the MOF which has not been post treated with ligands such as acetonitrile. This MOF can be used to abate contaminants such as ammonia in gas streams and especially air streams.

The disclosure relates to chemical synthesis, and more particularly to a biphenyltetradentate phosphite compound and a preparation and application thereof. The compound has a structure of formula(I): ##STR00001##