Breakage of components is suppressed at the time of bonding. A print head with a metal film formed on laminated layers includes an electric wiring layer electrical connection with a metal film, a protective film covering and protecting the electric wiring layer, a groove separating the protective film and the electric wiring layer around the metal film, and a resin film applied to the groove.

A liquid ejection head has at least a structure including an ejection orifice forming member having an ejection orifice for ejecting a liquid and a flow path communicating with the ejection orifice and a flow path forming substrate having a liquid introduction flow path communicating with the flow path and supplying the liquid, and includes: a first titanium oxide film with a pure water contact angle of 40° or less; and a second titanium oxide film with a pure water contact angle of 70° or more, wherein the first titanium oxide film covers the structure including inner walls of the flow path and the liquid introduction flow path and is exposed in the flow path and the liquid introduction flow path, and the second titanium oxide film has a portion covering the first titanium oxide film in a vicinity of an opening end.

A fluid cartridge having a plastic fluid body, a bottom wall having a fluid supply opening therein. A metal insert is adhesively attached to the bottom wall. The metal insert has a fluid supply slot therein corresponding to the fluid supply opening in the bottom wall, a die bond surface adjacent to the fluid supply slot for adhesively attaching an ejection head chip thereto, and a plurality of air vents adjacent to the die bond surface. An ejection head chip is adhesively attached to the die bond surface of the metal insert.

A functional ink that includes a precursor sol-gel solution and a solvent is provided. The precursor sol-gel solution is used for forming an oxide dielectric film having a perovskite structure represented by a general formula ABO.sub.3, and has been subjected to a partial hydrolysis process in which a viscosity change resulting from the partial hydrolysis process is controlled to be less than or equal to 50%, and water contained in the precursor sol-gel solution is controlled to be greater than or equal to 0.50 times and less than or equal to 10 times by molar ratio with respect to a B site atom contained in the precursor sol-gel solution. The functional ink has a metal oxide concentration and a viscosity that renders the functional ink suitable for being discharged from a nozzle of a liquid droplet discharge apparatus included in a thin film fabrication apparatus.

There is provided a method for producing a liquid transport apparatus includes: a pressure chamber plate partially defining a pressure chamber that communicates with a nozzle for ejecting liquid; an insulating ceramics layer located on a surface of the pressure chamber plate to cover the pressure chamber; a piezoelectric layer located on the insulating ceramics layer; and a first electrode located on the piezoelectric layer. The method includes: forming the insulating ceramics layer on the pressure chamber plate by heating an insulating ceramic material; forming the piezoelectric layer and the first electrode on the insulating ceramics layer; forming the piezoelectric layer including annealing the piezoelectric layer at the annealing temperature; and forming the pressure chamber by removing a part of the pressure chamber plate so that a part of the insulating ceramics layer is exposed on the pressure chamber.

A printing element substrate includes a substrate, an energy generating element, and an ejection-port formed member. The energy generating element is disposed on one surface of the substrate and configured to generate energy for use in ejecting liquid. The ejection-port formed member includes ejection ports that eject the liquid. A protrusion protruding toward inside of each of the ejection ports is provided on an inner surface of the ejection port. In a surface of the ejection-port formed member remote from the substrate, a tip portion of the protrusion is positioned closer to the substrate than an outer periphery of the ejection port.

Printheads and methods for forming printheads are described herein. In one example, a printhead includes a single resistor window in a conducting layer within the printhead. The printhead also includes a number of resistors formed in a resistor film deposited over the single resistor window. The resistors have two different widths, and each of the two different widths ejects a different droplet size when energized.

A method for forming piezoelectric transducers for inkjet printheads includes: forming at least one piezoelectric layer on a substrate; forming at least one electrode pattern by depositing a conductive material on an exposed surface of the at least one piezoelectric layer; and forming a plurality of individual piezoelectric elements from the at least one piezoelectric layer before or after the forming of the at least one electrode pattern.

Provided is a coating liquid for forming a piezoelectric thin film containing lead zirconate titanate, the coating liquid including a complex precursor containing at least three kinds of metal elements of Pb, Ti, and Zr, the coating liquid being free from an exothermic peak at a temperature of 450° C. or more, or having a heat generation amount at a temperature of from 400° C. to 450° C., which is larger than a heat generation amount at a temperature of from 450° C. to 500° C., in differential thermal analysis of the coating liquid.

An inkjet printhead includes a head body in which a first fine channel that is connected to an ink inlet and thus guides an inflow of ink, a second fine channel that is disposed below the first fine channel, communicated with the first fine channel through a connection via hole, and guides an outflow of the ink by being connected to an ink outlet, and a nozzle that is opened downward from the second fine channel are defined, and a micro heater that is disposed closer to the connection via hole in an upper portion of the first fine channel than to an end of the first fine channel where the first fine channel is connected to the ink inlet or an end of the second fine channel where the second fine channel is connected to the ink outlet.