A method for deoxygenating renewable oils comprised of natural oils or greases or derivatives thereof containing triglycerides or free fatty acids includes the steps of: providing a catalyst comprising a support predominantly comprised of alumina with metal compounds provided on the support based on Mo and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu and Cr, and contacting the renewable oils with the catalyst under conditions sufficient to deoxygenate the renewable oils.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions containing a mixed oxide catalyst of formula (I) or formula (II) as described herein, their preparation, and their use in a process for ammoxidation of various organic compounds to their corresponding nitriles and to the selective catalytic oxidation of excess NH.sub.3 present in effluent gas streams to N.sub.2 and/or NO.sub.x.

A catalytic composition useful for the conversion of an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene or mixtures thereof, to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and mixtures thereof. The catalytic composition comprises a complex of metal oxides comprising bismuth, molybdenum, iron, cerium and other promoters, with a desirable composition.

A catalyst for a fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction containing silica and a metal oxide, wherein a composite of the silica and the metal oxide is represented by the following formula (1).

Mo.sub.12Bi.sub.aFe.sub.bNi.sub.cCo.sub.dCe.sub.eCr.sub.fX.sub.gO.sub.h/(SiO.sub.2).sub.A (1) (in formula (1), X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs, 0.1?a?1, 1?b?3, 1?c?6.5, 1?d?6.5, 0.2?e?1.2, f?0.05, and 0.05?g?1 are satisfied, h satisfies valences of constituent elements excluding silica, A represents a content of silica (% by mass) and satisfies 35?A?48, and values of ?, ?, and ? calculated from the following expressions (2), (3), and (4) satisfy 0.03???0.08, 0.2???0.4, and 0.5???2.)

?=1.5a/(1.5(b+f)+c+d) (2)

?=1.5(b+f)/(c+d) (3)

?=d/c (4)

A catalyst for a fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction containing silica and a metal oxide, wherein a composite of the silica and the metal oxide is represented by the following formula (1).

Mo.sub.12Bi.sub.aFe.sub.bNi.sub.cMg.sub.dCo.sub.eCe.sub.fCr.sub.gZn.sub.hX.sub.iO.sub.j/(SiO.sub.2).sub.A (1)

(in formula (1), X is selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, and i, each satisfy 0.1?a?1, 0.5?b?4, 0.5?c?6.5, 0.2?d?2.5, 0.5?e?7, 0.2?f?1.2, g?0.05, n?4, and 0.05?i?1, A represents a content of silica (% by mass) in the composite and satisfies 35?A?48, and values of ?, ?, and ? calculated by the following expressions (2), (3), and (4) satisfy 0.03???0.12, 0.1???0.7, and 0.2???4.)

?=1.5a/(1.5(b+g)+c+d+e+h) (2)

?=1.5(b+g)/(c+d+e+h) (3)

?=e/(c+d+h) (4)

The present disclosure provides a metal compound. The metal compound is represented by a formula (I): Cu.sub.2A.sub.?B.sub.2-?O.sub.4-? (I). A contains at least one element selected from the groups 6 and 8 of the periodic table. B contains at least one element selected from the group 13 of the periodic table, 0<?<2, and 0<?<1.5. Polymer article containing the metal compound and method for preparing the polymer article as well as selective metallization of a surface of the polymer article are also provided. In addition, the present disclosure provides an ink composition and the selective metallization for a surface of the insulative substrate using the ink composition.

A transfer-hydrogenation process for preparing a carbonyl compound and an alcohol compound comprises the steps of (a) contacting a first carbonyl compound with a first alcohol compound in the presence of a transfer-hydrogenation catalyst in a first reaction zone at conditions effective to form a second carbonyl compound from the first alcohol compound and a second alcohol compound from the first carbonyl compound, and (b) removing the second carbonyl compound from the first reaction zone during step (a). The first carbonyl compound is a saturated aldehyde or ketone, or an ,-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone. The first alcohol compound is a primary or secondary alcohol. The second alcohol compound is ,-saturated. The transfer-hydrogenation catalyst includes a Group 8 to 11 metal. This process is useful for preparing and higher value alcohols, such as butanol or 2-ethylhexanol, from the corresponding carbonyl compounds by engaging lower alcohol (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) feedstocks instead of hydrogen (H.sub.2).

Process for producing a multimetal oxide catalyst comprising molybdenum, chromium and at least one further metal by mixing of a pulverulent multimetal oxide comprising molybdenum and at least one further metal but no chromium with pulverulent chromium(III) oxide and thermal treatment of the resulting pulverulent mixture in the presence of oxygen at a temperature in the range from 350 C. to 650 C.

A catalytic composition useful for the conversion of an olefin selected from the group consisting of propylene, isobutylene or mixtures thereof, to acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and mixtures thereof. The catalytic composition comprises a complex of metal oxides comprising rubidium, bismuth, cerium, molybdenum, iron and other promoters, with a desirable composition.

A process for preparing butadiene from n-butenes, comprising the steps of: absorbing C4 hydrocarbons comprising butadiene and n-butenes, obtained from oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butenes, in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent as an absorbent and removing uncondensable and low-boiling gas constituents comprising oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, any carbon oxides, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and any inert gases as gas stream d2, giving an absorbent stream laden with C4 hydrocarbons and the gas stream d2, and then desorbing the C4 hydrocarbons from the laden absorbent stream, giving a C4 product gas stream d1; and at least partly recycling the gas stream d2 as cycle gas stream a2 into the oxidative dehydrogenation zone, wherein the content of aromatic hydrocarbon solvent in the cycle gas stream a2 is limited to less than 1% by volume.