Discussed is a lighting apparatus having an organic light-emitting element configured as a transparent window and provided with an optical filter to prevent transmission of light when light having an intensity higher than a preset intensity is incident on the lighting apparatus so as to allow the lighting apparatus to be driven in a transparent mode, an opaque mode, and a lighting mode. The organic light-emitting element includes first and second electrodes and an organic emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to emit light when a signal is applied thereto. The organic light-emitting element performs single-side emission or dual-side emission. The optical filter is formed of a photochromic material or an electrochromic material to make the lighting apparatus be opaque so as to adjust the transmissivity of light when the light having the intensity higher than the preset intensity is incident on the lighting apparatus.

An electrochromic system and method for controlling photochromic darkening of an electrochromic device, the system including an EC device, a control unit, a voltage detector, and a power supply. The EC device includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a solid-state polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween. The control unit is configured to control a sweep voltage applied between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage.

A packaged film assembly includes a packaging material and an insert film. The insert film is packaged in and attached to at least a portion of the packaging material. The packaging material is not laminated to another surface.

Disclosed herein are laminate structures comprising a light guide plate including a first glass sheet, wherein the first glass sheet comprises from about 50 mol % to about 90 mol % SiO.sub.2, from about 0 mol % to about 15 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and about 0 mol % to about 19 mol % R.sub.xO, wherein x is 1 and R is chosen from Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba, or wherein x is 2 and R is chosen from Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs, and wherein the concentration of Fe is less than about 50 ppm

Laminated glass for vehicles comprising an interior glass plate and an exterior glass plate, an interlayer film between the interior glass plate and the exterior glass plate, and a light control element sealed in the interlayer film, wherein the light control element has a pair of substrates and a light control layer between the pair of substrates, and the interlayer film includes an interior portion on the vehicle-interior side of the light control layer, and an exterior portion on the vehicle-exterior side of the light control layer, when the transmittance of the exterior glass plate, the exterior portion of the interlayer film, and the substrate on the vehicle-exterior side, of the light control layer, is Tout, and the transmittance of the interior glass plate, the interior portion of the interlayer film, and the substrate on the vehicle-interior side, of the light control layer, is Tin, a relation Tout<Tin is satisfied.

A window is provided comprising an outside glass pane and an inside glass pane. The outside glass pane includes a low emissivity layer. The inside glass pane comprises a photochromic glass and is spaced apart from and disposed substantially parallel to the outside glass pane. The outside glass pane transmits light in the visible portion of the optical spectrum. The low emissivity layer of the outside glass pane blocks transmission of solar radiation in the IR and near-IR bands, and transmits solar radiation in an activation band of the photochromic glass to darken the photochromic glass and reduce visible light transmittance through the photochromic glass.

A optical filter comprising a variable transmittance layer having a first spectrum in a dark state, and a second spectrum in a faded state; and a color balancing layer having a third spectrum; each of the first, second and third spectra comprising a visible portion; the first and third spectra combining to provide a dark state spectrum approximating a dark state target color; and the second and third spectra combining to provide a fades state spectrum approximating a faded state target colour. The optical filter may further comprise a light attenuating layer. The optical filter may further comprise part of a laminated glass.

Embodiments of this disclosure pertain to a laminate including a first substrate, an interlayer and a light responsive material disposed on the first substrate, and a second substrate disposed on the interlayer. The laminate may be complexly curved. The light responsive material may include any one or more of an electrochromic material, a photochromic material, a suspended particle material, a micro-blind material and a liquid crystal material. In one or more embodiments, the laminate comprises a display unit disposed between the first and second substrate. Methods for forming the laminate are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a self-supporting polymer film comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a ketone, and at least one organic photochromic molecule comprising a chromophore, wherein preferably the at least one organic photochromic molecule comprising a chromophore is evenly distributed in the self-supporting polymer film. A typical self-supporting polymer film of the invention is a self-supporting photochromic aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane film imbibed with a ketone such as acetone and cyclohexanone, further comprising one or more of a diarylethene, a spirooxazine and a naphthopyran, preferably a polydialkylsiloxane-substituted naphthopyran. The invention also relates to a method for the manufacturing of such a self-supporting polymer film of the invention, and to the use of such a self-supporting polymer film in the manufacturing of an article. Furthermore, the invention relates to an article comprising a self-supporting polymer film of the invention.

A optical filter comprising a variable transmittance layer having a first spectrum in a dark state, and a second spectrum in a faded state; and a color balancing layer having a third spectrum; each of the first, second and third spectra comprising a visible portion; the first and third spectra combining to provide a dark state spectrum approximating a dark state target color; and the second and third spectra combining to provide a fades state spectrum approximating a faded state target color. The optical filter may further comprise a light attenuating layer. The optical filter may further comprise part of a laminated glass.