A fluid ejection device includes a fluid slot, at least one fluid ejection chamber communicated with the fluid slot, a drop ejecting element within the at least one fluid ejection chamber, a fluid circulation channel communicated with the fluid slot and the at least one fluid ejection chamber, and a fluid circulating element communicated with the fluid circulation channel. The fluid circulating element is to provide on-demand circulation of fluid from the fluid slot through the fluid circulation channel and the at least one fluid ejection chamber.

A fluid ejection device includes a fluid slot, at least one fluid ejection chamber communicated with the fluid slot, a drop ejecting element within the at least one fluid ejection chamber, a fluid circulation channel communicated with the fluid slot and the at least one fluid ejection chamber, and a fluid circulating element communicated with the fluid circulation channel. The fluid circulating element is to provide on-demand circulation of fluid from the fluid slot through the fluid circulation channel and the at least one fluid ejection chamber.

A head unit includes heads arranged in a body. Each head includes a nozzle row arranged along a first direction. The heads are arranged along a second direction intersecting with the first direction. Two or more heads that include a nozzle row corresponding to a first color, are provided in each of a first region and a second region. A color corresponding to the nozzle row at an nth position from a first side is the same as a color corresponding to the nozzle row at an nth position from a second side, n being a positive integer, the first side being one side of the body in the second direction and the second side being another side of the body in the second direction.

An intermediate transfer body is efficiently heated, and thus, transfer properties of an image and durability of the intermediate transfer body are ensured. A heating unit heats the intermediate transfer body by using a plurality of heating sources which are positioned by being shifted, with respect to a rotation direction of the intermediate transfer body. The plurality of heating sources includes a first heating source and a second heating source. A degree of heating the intermediate transfer body by the second heating source is greater than a degree of heating the intermediate transfer body by the first heating source. The second heating source is positioned on an upstream side, with respect to the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer body, from the first heating source.

A substrate processing apparatus and method capable of responding to jetting abnormalities in real time are provided. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a first stage supporting a substrate; an inkjet head unit ejecting a substrate processing liquid onto the substrate as droplets; a gantry unit moving the inkjet head unit on the first stage; a droplet inspection unit inspecting the droplets; and a control unit performing compensation on the substrate based on results of the inspection of the droplets, wherein the inkjet head unit ejects the substrate processing liquid onto a usage area and a non-usage area of the substrate, and the droplet inspection unit inspects the droplets ejected onto the non-usage area.

liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid discharge head including a plurality of electrodes arranged in parallel, a common electrode positioned to face the liquid discharge head, and a control unit configured to control a voltage to be applied to each of the plurality of electrodes to control the plurality of electrodes as a discharging electrode, which is to discharge a liquid, or as a non-discharging electrode, which is to discharge no liquid, wherein the control unit adjusts a value of the voltage to be applied to the electrode that is to be driven as the non-discharging electrode, based on the voltage to be applied to the electrode adjacent to the electrode that is to be driven as the non-discharging electrode.

Systems and methods for controlling supply of electrical energy from power source(s) through a plurality of electrical conductors adjacent to a common electrolyte solution are disclosed. The power source(s) are controlled to apply potential difference waveform(s) between pairs of electrical conductors formed from the plurality of electrical conductors such that the potential difference waveform(s) have a magnitude that exceeds a threshold overpotential for the pairs of electrical conductors in the electrolyte solution while sums of an absolute value of a potential difference across a double layer associated with the first electrical conductor in a pair and an absolute value of a potential difference across a double layer associated with a second electrical conductor in the pair is maintained below the threshold overpotential. Some or all electrical conductor(s) can be coupled to the power source(s) using respective capacitor(s).

A vertical printer apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a base and a printhead unit support frame extending substantially vertically above the base. A support frame actuator is configured to move the printhead unit support frame relative to the base along a longitudinal axis. A printhead unit is mounted to the printhead unit support frame and a printhead unit actuator is configured to move the printhead unit relative to the printhead unit support frame along a vertical axis that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The apparatus includes a workpiece support frame fixedly mounted to the base and configured to support a workpiece so that the normal of the workpiece is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal and vertical axes. The workpiece support frame comprises at least one mounting unit for temporarily fixing the workpiece to the workpiece support frame.

A printing apparatus includes a head, a carriage, a casing, a sound sensor configured to collect first sound, an output device and a controller. The controller performs causing the carriage to move and causing the sound sensor to collect second sound that is generated when the carriage is being moved, and causing the output device to output guide information related to an installation place of the casing based on a volume value corresponding to the second sound.

A liquid jetting apparatus includes: a first head chip having first nozzles arranged in a nozzle arrangement direction; a second head chip having second nozzles arranged in the nozzle arrangement direction, and being arranged to overlap at least partially with the first head chip in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the nozzle arrangement direction; a controller configured to control the first head chip and the second head chip to jet liquid from the first nozzles and the second nozzles; and power sources having different voltages, respectively. Each of the first nozzles and the second nozzles is driven by voltage supplied from one of the power sources, and the first head chip has a first overlapping portion and the second head chip has a second overlapping portion overlapping with the first overlapping portion in the orthogonal direction.